Seasonal Growth of Dominant, Intermediate, and Suppressed Red Pine Trees

1962 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore T. Kozlowski ◽  
Theodore A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Red Pine ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Pine Trees

Pathogenicity of Bursaphelenchusxylophilus on three species of pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Bedker ◽  
M. J. Wingfield ◽  
R. A. Blanchette
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Wood Nematode ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Branch Death

Three species of 11-year-old pine trees were inoculated with Bursaphelenchusxylophilus in the field. Four branches in single whorls on red, Scots, and jack pine trees were wounded and inoculated with 10 000 nematodes each or with water extracts from Botrytiscinerea cultures. Prior to field inoculations, the pathogenicity of the nematode isolate was confirmed on seedlings in the greenhouse. Fourteen weeks after inoculation, 27 of 80 and 13 of 52 branches were dead or dying on Scots and jack pine trees, respectively. No symptoms were observed on red pine trees inoculated with B. xylophilus or on any controls. Branch death was attributed to the formation of girdling cankers resulting from inoculation. An average of 9.14, 10.39, and 0.02 nematodes were extracted per gram of wood from branch samples collected from Scots, jack, and red pine trees at 14 weeks, respectively, and at 58 weeks an average of 13.82, 1.01, and 0.05 nematodes per gram of wood sampled were recovered. Proportions of branch samples with nematodes declined from 14 to 58 weeks after inoculation. Although limited mortality of branches occurred, the pine wood nematode was not found to cause tree death following inoculation.

GROWTH REGULATOR CHANGES IN RELATION TO GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PINUS RESINOSA AIT.

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Giertych ◽  
D. F. Forward
Keyword(s):  
Red Pine ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Female Cone ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer ◽  
Change Position ◽  
The Individual

The occurrence of growth regulators and nucleic acids in buds of red pine trees has been investigated in relation to seasonal change, position of the bud in the crown, and age of the tree. The regulators were extracted, separated by chromatography, and assayed by an Avena straight-growth test. Three growth promoters and an inhibitor were found in the buds on all occasions. All of them affected the growth of hypocotyls of red pine seedlings as well as Avena inter-nodes, and none gave an indole reaction. The regulators varied in concentration in relation to season, age, and bud position. The individual growth promoters varied independently, one of them, designated as P1, being more variable than the others. Changes in the inhibitor were frequently, but not invariably, reciprocal to those of P1. There is evidence that individual growth promoters may be concerned with separate aspects of growth. The balance between P1 and the inhibitor was related to extension growth, with the notable exception that a balance favorable to growth reappeared in September, when no growth occurs. RNA concentration declines during the summer and a deficiency of this nucleic acid could be implicated in the cessation of growth.Treatment with ammonium nitrate fertilizer caused a shift from male to female cone production and a localized increase in the number of shoots that developed in the following year. These effects were accompanied by changes in concentration of growth promoters in the buds.

scholarly journals Seasonal Growth of Scots Pine under the Conditions of Water-Logged Soils of the North

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
Liliya V. Zarubina ◽  
◽  
Renat S. Khamitov
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
The North ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Pine Trees

The seasonal rhythm of height growth of young shoots of Scots pine growing in a 33-year-old shrubby-sphagnum pine forest of the northern taiga natural-climatic zone has been studied in a complex with the main physiological processes. The possibility of regulating their intensity by additional introduction of nitrogen fertilizer has been determined. It has been found that on hydromorphic excessively wet soils of the North, seasonal height growth of pine occurs with a maximum rate in late June and early July, when air temperature rises and the root system is released from excessive moisture. Unlike lichen pine forests, in which pine roots are not affected by flooding, on hydromorphic peat soils pine grows much slower and during the growing season has less intensive physiological processes. The low rate of shoot growth and physiological processes in pine in sphagnum forest site conditions is explained by dysfunction of its root system as a result of soil anoxia caused by flooding, as well as by insufficient supply of growing shoots with acronutrients from the crown as a result of violation of their normal outflow and movement in the tree. Nitrogen fertilizers positively affect growth and physiological processes in pine trees in sphagnum forest types. However, their effect in these forest site conditions is much weaker than in the dry lichen forests of the Far North. On water-logged peat soils under the influence of nitrogen fertilizer seasonal height growth of pine trees increases by 20 %, the duration of seasonal shoot growth increases by 8–10 days, the intensity of photosynthesis increases significantly, and, as a result of reduced water onsumption for transpiration, the tree water regime normalizes and the transpiration productivity increases. These positive nitrogen-induced changes ultimately improve the viability and productivity of sphagnum pine forests. For citation: Zarubina L.V., Khamitov R.S. Seasonal Growth of Scots Pine under the Conditions of Water-Logged Soils of the North. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 3, pp. 86–100. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-86-100

The Red Pine Web-spinning Sawfly, Cephalcia marginata Middlekauff (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae)

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Daviault
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
The University ◽  
A New Species

This insect was first noticed during the summer of 1939 in a young red pine plantation in the vicinity of Berthierville, Que. A large number of mature larvae were collected at the end of the same season and placed on the foliage of small red pine trees enclosed in wire cages in the field. The larvae soon left the trees to enter the soil for overwintering. The following spring, numerous adults emerged in the cages, and in order to obtain an identification, several specimens were sent to Dr. O. Peck, Entomology Division, Ottawa, who considered that this was apparently a new species of the genus Cephalcia. Later, many specimens were sent to Dr. W. W. Middlekauff, of the University of California, who described the species under the name C. marginata (1953).

scholarly journals Quantification of Conidia of Diplodia spp. Extracted from Red and Jack Pine Cones

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel A. Munck ◽  
Glen R. Stanosz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Diplodia Pinea ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Pine Cones ◽  
Canker Pathogens

Frequency of detection and inoculum production by the conifer shoot blight and canker pathogens Diplodia pinea and D. scrobiculata on cones of red pine (Pinus resinosa) and jack pine (P. banksiana) were studied. Cones were collected from the ground and from canopies of red and jack pine trees in mixed stands at three sites in each of two different locations during two consecutive summers in Wisconsin. Conidia were extracted in water, quantified, germination tested, and the Diplodia species present was determined using molecular methods. At least one pathogen was detected from each tree at each site in both years. Overall, more conidia were extracted from cones from canopies than cones from the ground and from red pine cones than jack pine cones. Both total numbers of conidia extracted and proportions of cones yielding D. pinea or D. scrobiculata varied by location and pine species. Cones from either the ground or canopies can be used for surveys to detect Diplodia spp. at a given site but cones from canopies may be more useful to determine the relative abundance of potentially available inoculum of these pathogens.

scholarly journals Resistance of Pinus banksiana to the European race of Gremmeniella abietina

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Laflamme ◽  
R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
The North ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
European Race ◽  
Low Incidence

In the early 1980s, more than 90% of mortality caused by Gremmeniella abietina, European race, was recorded in red pine (Pinus resinosa) plantations 200 km northwest of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Surrounding jack pines (Pinus banksiana) did not appear to be affected. Consequently, foresters began to plant the affected areas with jack pine seedlings. In 1988, plots of 100 jack pines were established in three of the four selected plantations. As reference, red pine seedlings were planted in 1989 under similar conditions in the fourth plantation. Observations were carried out annually from 1989 to 1992. Mortality of red pine seedlings reached 70% in 1992 while all jack pines on the three experimental sites were free of the disease except for a tip blight, a distinctive feature allowing race identification in the field. The North American race symptoms were present at a very low incidence, but began to increase on site I in 1992. More than 10 years after planting, the jack pine trees still show resistance to the European race of G. abietina while all the red pines died.

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