Improved Methods for the Purification of the Common Carotenoids, and the Quantitative Measurement of Their Absorption Spectra

1935 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
The Common ◽  
Improved Methods

MACRO- AND MICRO-DISPERSION OF SILICA IN TIRE TREAD COMPOUNDS: ARE THEY RELATED?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jin ◽  
W. Kaewsakul ◽  
J.W.M. Noordermeer ◽  
W.K. Dierkes ◽  
A. Blume
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Large Problem ◽  
Common View ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Filler Dispersion ◽  
The Common ◽  
Direct Measurement Method

ABSTRACT The dispersion of rubber fillers, such as silica, can be divided into two categories: macro- and micro-dispersion. Both dispersions are important; however, to achieve the best reinforcement of rubber, micro-dispersion of silica is crucial. The common view is that these filler dispersions are strongly related. The micro-dispersion is understood as the consequence of the continuous breakdown of filler clusters from macro-dispersion. Yet, a large problem is that an objective unequivocal direct measurement method for micro-dispersion is not available. In this study, a set of parameters is defined that are anticipated to have an influence on the micro- as well as the macro-dispersion. Mixing trials are performed with varying silanization temperature and time, different amounts of silane coupling agent, and by using silicas with different structures and specific surface areas. The degrees of micro- and macro-dispersion are evaluated by measuring the Payne effect as an indirect method for micro-dispersion and using a dispergrader for quantitative measurement of macro-dispersion. The results show that the filler dispersion processes happen simultaneously but independently. These results are supported by earlier work of Blume and Uhrlandt, who stated as well that micro- and macro-dispersion are independent. The major influencing factors on micro- and macro-dispersion of silica are also identified.

Research on Improved Methods of Watershed Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 373-375 ◽  
pp. 583-586
Author(s):  
De Yong Wang ◽  
Ji Fan
Keyword(s):  
Watershed Algorithm ◽  
Normalized Cut ◽  
Watershed Transform ◽  
Cut Method ◽  
Weight Value ◽  
Area And Perimeter ◽  
The Common ◽  
Main Formula ◽  
Improved Methods ◽  
Image Segmentation Algorithm

In this paper an improved image segmentation algorithm based on watershed transform is presented. Firstly the normalized cut method and watershed transform are explained and analyzed. Secondly the idea of the improved algorithm and the main formula are explained. We consider the area and perimeter when we merge adjacent regions. We define a new weight value and discuss the value of the parameter αand β. Finally the experiment result is presented. The new algorithm reduces the nodes and the computational demand of the common normalized cut technique.

scholarly journals How Much Do Non-performing Institutions Cost?

2011 ◽  
pp. 41-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Akindinova ◽  
S. Aleksashenko ◽  
A. Petronevich ◽  
M. Petronevich
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Quality Of Institutions ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Common Notion ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

The primary goal of this paper is to confirm the existence of the links and receive the quantitative measurement of the correlation between the quality of institutions and dynamics of their development, on the one hand, and GDP growth, on the other. For this analysis the extended database consisting of basic macroeconomic indicators and indices of quality of institutions for 51 countries for the period 2001-2009 was used. This study provides quantitative support to the common notion that economic growth in the long run is affected by the quality of institutions. Though this numeric effect may be viewed as relatively small, in the medium run the accumulated gap in the growth rate caused by permanently lower quality of institutions can be substantial. Moreover, the radical improvement in the quality of institutions provides more significant, though not lasting, addition to the growth rate.

scholarly journals Integrating taxonomic, functional, and strain-level profiling of diverse microbial communities with bioBakery 3

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Beghini ◽  
Lauren J McIver ◽  
Aitor Blanco-Míguez ◽  
Leonard Dubois ◽  
Francesco Asnicar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Strain Level ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Taxonomic Profiling ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Gut Microbe ◽  
The Common ◽  
Phylogenetic Profiling ◽  
Improved Methods

Culture-independent analyses of microbial communities have progressed dramatically in the last decade, particularly due to advances in methods for biological profiling via shotgun metagenomics. Opportunities for improvement continue to accelerate, with greater access to multi-omics, microbial reference genomes, and strain-level diversity. To leverage these, we present bioBakery 3, a set of integrated, improved methods for taxonomic, strain-level, functional, and phylogenetic profiling of metagenomes newly developed to build on the largest set of reference sequences now available. Compared to current alternatives, MetaPhlAn 3 increases the accuracy of taxonomic profiling, and HUMAnN 3 improves that of functional potential and activity. These methods detected novel disease-microbiome links in applications to CRC (1262 metagenomes) and IBD (1635 metagenomes and 817 metatranscriptomes). Strain-level profiling of an additional 4077 metagenomes with StrainPhlAn 3 and PanPhlAn 3 unraveled the phylogenetic and functional structure of the common gut microbe Ruminococcus bromii, previously described by only 15 isolate genomes. With open-source implementations and cloud-deployable reproducible workflows, the bioBakery 3 platform can help researchers deepen the resolution, scale, and accuracy of multi-omic profiling for microbial community studies.

scholarly journals Review of inflammatory biomarkers in hospitalized adults with suspected infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Mark Lacy
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Inflammatory Disorders ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
The Common

Quantitative measurement of inflammatory biomarkers is frequently obtained in evaluating hospitalized patients with suspected or confirmed infections and other inflammatory disorders.  These markers may be used to establish a diagnosis or assess response to therapy.  Consensus on which marker to use and when to use them is not settled nor is the extent of how these indicators improve outcomes or quality of care.  The following is a brief review of the common inflammatory biomarkers and a suggested approach for their utilization.

scholarly journals Integrating taxonomic, functional, and strain-level profiling of diverse microbial communities with bioBakery 3

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Beghini ◽  
Lauren J. McIver ◽  
Aitor Blanco-Míguez ◽  
Leonard Dubois ◽  
Francesco Asnicar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Strain Level ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Taxonomic Profiling ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Gut Microbe ◽  
The Common ◽  
Phylogenetic Profiling ◽  
Improved Methods

AbstractCulture-independent analyses of microbial communities have advanced dramatically in the last decade, particularly due to advances in methods for biological profiling via shotgun metagenomics. Opportunities for improvement continue to accelerate, with greater access to multi-omics, microbial reference genomes, and strain-level diversity. To leverage these, we present bioBakery 3, a set of integrated, improved methods for taxonomic, strain-level, functional, and phylogenetic profiling of metagenomes newly developed to build on the largest set of reference sequences now available. Compared to current alternatives, MetaPhlAn 3 increases the accuracy of taxonomic profiling, and HUMAnN 3 improves that of functional potential and activity. These methods detected novel disease-microbiome links in applications to CRC (1,262 metagenomes) and IBD (1,635 metagenomes and 817 metatranscriptomes). Strain-level profiling of an additional 4,077 metagenomes with StrainPhlAn 3 and PanPhlAn 3 unraveled the phylogenetic and functional structure of the common gut microbe Ruminococcus bromii, previously described by only 15 isolate genomes. With open-source implementations and cloud-deployable reproducible workflows, the bioBakery 3 platform can help researchers deepen the resolution, scale, and accuracy of multi-omic profiling for microbial community studies.

An Analysis of the Microgrowth Bands in the Shell of the Common MusselMytilus Edulis

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Tapes Philippinarum ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Hard Shell ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Improved Methods

The periodicity of microgrowth patterns observed in thin sections and acetate peel replicas of radial sections of bivalve shells are well documented for both intertidal and subtidal species (Pannella & MacClintock, 1968; Rhoads & Pannella, 1970; Evans, 1972, 1975; Kennish, 1980; Richardsonet al., 1979et seq.; Richardson, 1987a, b, 1988, b). In many species daily or tidal lines are well preserved in the shell, for example, the hard-shell clamMercenaria mercenaria(Pannella & MacClintock, 1968), the cockleCerastoderma edule(Richardsonet al., 1979) and the clamTapes philippinarum(Richardson, 1987a, 1988b), while in others they are poorly preserved or lacking. Such an example is the common musselMytilus edulis(L.) where fine growth lines seen in acetate peel replicas have previously been reported to be poorly preserved, with long continuous sequences of such lines seldom occurring (Lutz, 1976). The angular relationship of growth lines to the growing margin and to the crystalline elements of the shell structure are presumed to be the factors influencing the resolution of growth increments (MacClintock, 1967; Pannella & MacClintock, 1968). Pannella & MacClintock (1968) suggest that the larger the angle between depositional surfaces and the structural elements of a shell layer the more evident will be the growth increments. Both oysters and mussels have an unfavourable angular relationship between growth increments and the margin of the shell (Pannella & MacClintock, 1968) and this may explain why the growth lines are difficult to observe. The present paper describes improved methods used to examine the internal micro478 growth patterns in the shell of the common musselMytilus edulisand reports on experiments to investigate the periodicity of the patterns.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document