scholarly journals Salp25D, anIxodes scapularisAntioxidant, Is 1 of 14 Immunodominant Antigens in Engorged Tick Salivary Glands

2001 ◽  
Vol 184 (8) ◽  
pp. 1056-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Das ◽  
Gautam Banerjee ◽  
Kathleen DePonte ◽  
Nancy Marcantonio ◽  
Fred S. Kantor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Immunodominant Antigens ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

Fluid secretion by isolated tick salivary glands dependent on an intact cytoskeleton

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Lamoreaux ◽  
Glen R. Needham ◽  
Lewis B. Coons
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

scholarly journals Antigenic Variation of Anaplasma Marginale: Major Surface Protein 2 Diversity during Cyclic Transmission between Ticks and Cattle

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 3057-3066 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Barbet ◽  
Jooyoung Yi ◽  
Anna Lundgren ◽  
B. R. McEwen ◽  
E. F. Blouin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Genomic Expression ◽  
Major Surface Protein ◽  
Expression Site ◽  
Major Surface ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

ABSTRACT The rickettsial pathogen Anaplasma marginale expresses a variable immunodominant outer membrane protein, major surface protein 2 (MSP2), involved in antigenic variation and long-term persistence of the organism in carrier animals. MSP2 contains a central hypervariable region of about 100 amino acids that encodes immunogenic B-cell epitopes that induce variant-specific antibodies during infection. Previously, we have shown that MSP2 is encoded on a polycistronic mRNA transcript in erythrocyte stages of A. marginale and defined the structure of the genomic expression site for this transcript. In this study, we show that the same expression site is utilized in stages of A. marginale infecting tick salivary glands. We also analyzed the variability of this genomic expression site in Oklahoma strain A. marginale transmitted from in vitro cultures to cattle and between cattle and ticks. The structure of the expression site and flanking regions was conserved except for sequence that encoded the MSP2 hypervariable region. At least three different MSP2 variants were encoded in each A. marginalepopulation. The major sequence variants did not change on passage ofA. marginale between culture, acute erythrocyte stage infections, and tick salivary glands but did change during persistent infections of cattle. The variant types found in tick salivary glands most closely resembled those present in bovine blood at the time of acquisition of infection, whether infection was acquired from an acute or from a persistent rickettsemia. These variations in structure of an expression site for a major, immunoprotective outer membrane protein have important implications for vaccine development and for obtaining an improved understanding of the mechanisms of persistence of ehrlichial infections in humans, domestic animals, and reservoir hosts.

Brain factor induced formation of inositol phosphates in tick salivary glands

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis L. McSwain ◽  
James S. Tucker ◽  
Richard C. Essenberg ◽  
John R. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Brain Factor ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

scholarly journals Enhancement of Virus Transmission by Tick Salivary Glands

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1895-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Jones ◽  
E. Hodgson ◽  
P. A. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

scholarly journals Spotted Fever GroupRickettsiaInfection and Transmission Dynamics inAmblyomma maculatum

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanakan Suwanbongkot ◽  
Ingeborg M. Langohr ◽  
Emma K. Harris ◽  
Wellesley Dittmar ◽  
Rebecca C. Christofferson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Tick Feeding ◽  
Tick Saliva ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

ABSTRACTTick vectors are capable of transmitting several rickettsial species to vertebrate hosts, resulting in various levels of disease. Studies have demonstrated the transmissibility of both rickettsial pathogens and novelRickettsiaspecies or strains with unknown pathogenicity to vertebrate hosts during tick blood meal acquisition; however, the quantitative nature of transmission remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that if infection severity is a function of the rickettsial load delivered during tick transmission, then a more virulent spotted fever group (SFG)Rickettsiaspecies is transmitted at higher levels during tick feeding. UsingAmblyomma maculatumcohorts infected withRickettsia parkerior “CandidatusRickettsia andeanae,” a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was employed to quantify rickettsiae in tick salivary glands and saliva, as well as in the vertebrate hosts at the tick attachment site over the duration of tick feeding. Significantly greater numbers ofR. parkerithan of “Ca. Rickettsia andeanae” rickettsiae were present in tick saliva and salivary glands and in the vertebrate hosts at the feeding site during tick feeding. Microscopy demonstrated the presence of both rickettsial species in tick salivary glands, and immunohistochemical analysis of the attachment site identified localizedR. parkeri, but not “Ca. Rickettsia andeanae,” in the vertebrate host. Lesions were also distinct and more severe in vertebrate hosts exposed toR. parkerithan in those exposed to “Ca. Rickettsia andeanae.” The specific factors that contribute to the generation of a sustained rickettsial infection and subsequent disease have yet to be elucidated, but the results of this study suggest that the rickettsial load in ticks and during transmission may be an important element.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Analysis of Salivary Glands of Ornithodoros brasiliensis Aragão, 1923, the Agent of a Neotropical Tick-Toxicosis Syndrome in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Reck ◽  
Anelise Webster ◽  
Bruno Dall’Agnol ◽  
Ronel Pienaar ◽  
Minique H. de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Secretory Protein ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Host Interaction ◽  
Salivary Gland Protein ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
Tick Salivary Glands

Tick salivary glands produce and secrete a variety of compounds that modulate host responses and ensure a successful blood meal. Despite great progress made in the identification of ticks salivary compounds in recent years, there is still a paucity of information concerning salivary molecules of Neotropical argasid ticks. Among this group of ticks, considering the number of human cases of parasitism, including severe syndromes and hospitalization, Ornithodoros brasiliensis can be considered one of the major Neotropical argasid species with impact in public health. Here, we describe the transcriptome analysis of O. brasiliensis salivary glands (ObSG). The transcriptome yielded ~14,957 putative contigs. A total of 368 contigs were attributed to secreted proteins (SP), which represent approximately 2.5% of transcripts but ~53% expression coverage transcripts per million. Lipocalins are the major protein family among the most expressed SP, accounting for ~16% of the secretory transcripts and 51% of secretory protein abundance. The most expressed transcript is an ortholog of TSGP4 (tick salivary gland protein 4), a lipocalin first identified in Ornithodoros kalahariensis that functions as a leukotriene C4 scavenger. A total of 55 lipocalin transcripts were identified in ObSG. Other transcripts potentially involved in tick-host interaction included as: basic/acid tail secretory proteins (second most abundant expressed group), serine protease inhibitors (including Kunitz inhibitors), 5' nucleotidases (tick apyrases), phospholipase A2, 7 disulfide bond domain, cystatins, and tick antimicrobial peptides. Another abundant group of proteins in ObSG is metalloproteases. Analysis of these major protein groups suggests that several duplication events after speciation were responsible for the abundance of redundant compounds in tick salivary glands. A full mitochondrial genome could be assembled from the transcriptome data and confirmed the close genetic identity of the tick strain sampled in the current study, to a tick strain previously implicated in tick toxicoses. This study provides novel information on the molecular composition of ObSG, a Brazilian endemic tick associated with several human cases of parasitism. These results could be helpful in the understanding of clinical findings observed in bitten patients, and also, could provide more information on the evolution of Neotropical argasids.

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