scholarly journals National Shortages of Antimicrobial Agents: Results of 2 Surveys from the Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1495-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Strausbaugh ◽  
Daniel B. Jernigan ◽  
Laura A. Liedtke ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Emerging Infections

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Agent Shortages: The New Norm for Infectious Diseases Physicians

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi V Gundlapalli ◽  
Susan E Beekmann ◽  
Donald R Graham ◽  
Philip M Polgreen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Advance Notice ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required drug manufacturers to give advance notice of impending drug shortages. A survey of infectious diseases (ID) physicians was undertaken to determine the impact of this requirement and to follow-up on prior perceptions of ID physicians on shortages of antimicrobial agents. Methods We used a web-based survey of ID physician members of the Emerging Infections Network in 2016. Results Of the 701 of 1597 members (44%) who responded, 70% reported the need to modify their antimicrobial choice because of a shortage in the prior 2 years. A majority (73%) reported the shortages affected patient care or outcomes by the use of broader-spectrum (75%), more costly (58%), less effective second-line (45%), or more toxic agents (37%). The most commonly reported antimicrobials in short supply were piperacillin-tazobactam, ampicillin-sulbactam, meropenem, cefotaxime, and cefepime. Respondents learned of shortages from hospital notification, from a colleague, contact from pharmacy after ordering the agent in short supply, or FDA or other website. The antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) of a majority (83%) of respondents’ institutions had developed approaches to deal with shortages. Although 71% indicated that communications were sufficient, most (87%) did not perceive any improvement in communications about shortages since the 2012 FDA requirement. Conclusions The persistence of antimicrobial agent shortages reported by ID physicians is disturbing as is the resulting need to use broader-spectrum or more toxic agents. The prominent role of ASPs in helping to deal with shortages, effective communication channels, and the lack of perceived improvement in FDA’s communication strategy merit further consideration.

2015 Nelson's Pediatric Antimicrobial Therapy

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Dosing Regimens

New! This bestselling and widely used resource on pediatric antimicrobial therapy provides instant access to reliable, up-to-the-minute recommendations for treatment of all infectious diseases in children. For each disease, the authors provide a commentary to help health care providers select the best of all antimicrobial choices. Drug descriptions cover all antimicrobial agents available today, and include complete information about dosing regimens. In response to growing concerns about overuse of antibiotics, the book includes guidelines on when not to prescribe antimicrobials. Key 21st edition features! Contents

scholarly journals Light and Phages on Tackle of Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe de Paula Nogueira Cruz ◽  
Andréa Cristina Bogas ◽  
Cristina Paiva de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
Inducing Resistance

There has been an important increase in the emergence of resistance in microbial population worldwide. This trajectory needs, necessarily new approaches to treat infectious diseases. The ability to detect and prevent the evolutionary trajectories of microbial resistance would be of value. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) represents an efficient alternative treatment for diseases caused by viruses, which can cause infections well documented in various mammals. PDI can kill cells after exposure with the appropriate photosensitizer (PS), light of adequate wavelength combined with the presence of oxygen, without inducing resistance. Cytotoxic reactive species formed interaction with vital biomolecules leading to irreversible microbial inactivation. Bacteriophages can act on delivering antimicrobial agents into bacteria, which consist in a likely instrument for the treatment of infectious diseases. Non-enveloped bacteriophages are more difficult to tolerate photoinactivation than enveloped phages, which makes them an important model tool to evaluate the efficiency of PDI therapy against viruses that cause diseases in humans. Combination of photosensitizers and bacteriophage therapy can be employed to eradicate biofilms, contributing to control of infections also caused by drug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals The Principles of Antibody Therapy for Infectious Diseases with Relevance for COVID-19

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Casadevall ◽  
Liise-anne Pirofski ◽  
Michael J. Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
History Of ◽  
Serum Therapy ◽  
Effective Lessons ◽  
Further Development

ABSTRACT Antibody therapies such as convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies have emerged as major potential therapeutics for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Immunoglobulins differ from conventional antimicrobial agents in that they mediate direct and indirect antimicrobial effects that work in concert with other components of the immune system. The field of infectious diseases pioneered antibody therapies in the first half of the 20th century but largely abandoned them with the arrival of conventional antimicrobial therapy. Consequently, much of the knowledge gained from the historical development and use of immunoglobulins such as serum and convalescent antibody therapies was forgotten; principles and practice governing their use were not taught to new generations of medical practitioners, and further development of this modality stalled. This became apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020 when convalescent plasma was initially deployed as salvage therapy in patients with severe disease. In retrospect, this was a stage of disease when it was less likely to be effective. Lessons of the past tell us that antibody therapy is most likely to be effective when used early in respiratory diseases. This article puts forth three principles of antibody therapy, namely, specificity, temporal, and quantitative principles, connoting that antibody efficacy requires the administration of specific antibody, given early in course of disease in sufficient amount. These principles are traced to the history of serum therapy for infectious diseases. The application of the specificity, temporal, and quantitative principles to COVID-19 is discussed in the context of current use of antibody therapy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

scholarly journals Emerging infectious disease preparedness and response in healthcare: perspectives from COVID-19 and the role of College-Learnt Microbiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-321
Author(s):  
J. Tonui ◽  
W. Chepkutto ◽  
J. Rotich
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Emerging Infections

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began in December 2019 in Wuhan City China where it is believed to have been transmitted to humans from an unknown animal species. The public health, social and economic impact of the pandemic world over is detrimental. Health care providers at the frontline in the fight against COVID-19 are at the greatest risk of infection and so far, many have been infected and some have already died from the disease. Thus, it is imperative that healthcare providers have adequate knowledge of infectious diseases and microbial pathogens to comprehend the scale of risk for better recognition and response. Microbiological concepts of infection prevention and control, hand hygiene and aseptic techniques are essential in slowing down the spread of the virus. COVID-19 has proven that infectious agents can emerge from any region in the world and can spread rapidly with ominous consequences to all humanity. This narrative review discusses the role of college-learnt microbiology in health care provider preparedness for emerging infectious diseases in light of the current pandemic. Keywords: Emerging; Infections; Preparedness; Response; Microbiology; COVID-19; Training

Infectious Diseases

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Fink
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
High Resource ◽  
The World ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Immunomodulatory Therapies

Infectious diseases are global and local. They impact health and dis­ease in every country, but protean factors— cultural, geographical, and political— determine their particular local distribution. Every single patient is globally colonized by microorganisms, but singular behaviours, genetics and co- morbidities significantly determine what organisms cause disease in any individual. The practice of infectious diseases medi­cine necessarily demands an understanding of the person and the world in which they live. This chapter will emphasize the importance of context in assessing patients for infectious diseases. In terms of global mortality, communicable diseases remain the leading causes of mortality. Despite the evocative epithet of ‘infectious diseases’, these are not all caused by creatures that creep and crawl. Cosmopolitan diseases (i.e. universally distributed infections such as influenza or bac­terial pneumonia) represent a huge burden wherever medicine is prac­tised. However, it is important to note that in high- resource settings, infection imported by travel and migration is increasing. In particular, the international traffic of emerging infections, such as Zika virus, and anti-microbial resistance (AMR) are already major healthcare problems. As the world shrinks and the climate changes, the distribution of infectious diseases will continue to change. The threat of AMR no longer looms— it is a present and real danger. In the time it will take for disciples of this text to reach the end of their specialty training, AMR will account annually for more deaths than cancer. The delivery of almost all interventional, surgical, and immunomodulatory therapies depends on our ability to provide effective anti- microbial prophylaxis and rescue. The ability of organisms to adapt rapidly to novel iatrogenic selection pressures means that the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), malaria, and manifold other pathogens will be compromised, not simply anti- bacterial agents. The future of modern medicine depends on the global healthcare community sharing both concern and responsibility. This chapter will include cases pertaining to the management of AMR.

scholarly journals Dendrimers and Dendritic Materials: From Laboratory to Medical Practice in Infectious Diseases

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Ortega ◽  
Alberto Guzmán Merino ◽  
Oscar Fraile-Martínez ◽  
Judith Recio-Ruiz ◽  
Leonel Pekarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Innovative Tool ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis

Infectious diseases are one of the main global public health risks, predominantly caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The control of infections is founded on three main pillars: prevention, treatment, and diagnosis. However, the appearance of microbial resistance has challenged traditional strategies and demands new approaches. Dendrimers are a type of polymeric nanoparticles whose nanometric size, multivalency, biocompatibility, and structural perfection offer boundless possibilities in multiple biomedical applications. This review provides the reader a general overview about the uses of dendrimers and dendritic materials in the treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of highly prevalent infectious diseases, and their advantages compared to traditional approaches. Examples of dendrimers as antimicrobial agents per se, as nanocarriers of antimicrobial drugs, as well as their uses in gene transfection, in vaccines or as contrast agents in imaging assays are presented. Despite the need to address some challenges in order to be used in the clinic, dendritic materials appear as an innovative tool with a brilliant future ahead in the clinical management of infectious diseases and many other health issues.

scholarly journals Impact of Changes in Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Location and Ownership on the Practice of Infectious Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pentella ◽  
Melvin P. Weinstein ◽  
Susan E. Beekmann ◽  
Philip M. Polgreen ◽  
Richard T. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Sentinel Network ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The number of onsite clinical microbiology laboratories in hospitals is decreasing, likely related to the business model for laboratory consolidation and labor shortages, and this impacts a variety of clinical practices, including that of banking isolates for clinical or epidemiologic purposes. To determine the impact of these trends, infectious disease (ID) physicians were surveyed regarding their perceptions of offsite services. Clinical microbiology practices for retention of clinical isolates for future use were also determined. Surveys were sent to members of the Infectious Diseases Society of America’s (IDSA) Emerging Infections Network (EIN). The EIN is a sentinel network of ID physicians who care for adult and/or pediatric patients in North America and who are members of IDSA. The response rate was 763 (45%) of 1,680 potential respondents. Five hundred forty (81%) respondents reported interacting with the clinical microbiology laboratory. Eighty-six percent of respondents thought an onsite laboratory very important for timely diagnostic reporting and ongoing communication with the clinical microbiologist. Thirty-five percent practiced in institutions where the core microbiology laboratory has been moved offsite, and an additional 7% (n = 38) reported that movement of core laboratory functions offsite was being considered. The respondents reported that only 24% of laboratories banked all isolates, with the majority saving isolates for less than 30 days. Based on these results, the trend toward centralized core laboratories negatively impacts the practice of ID physicians, potentially delays effective implementation of prompt and targeted care for patients with serious infections, and similarly adversely impacts infection control epidemiologic investigations.

Treatment: infectious diseases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Warrell ◽  
Matthew Dryden ◽  
Alastair Miller ◽  
Clare Morgan ◽  
David A. Warrell
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

Introduction: infectious diseases - Viral infections - Bacterial infections - Malaria - Other protozoal infections - Filarial worms - Worm infections - Flukes - Emerging infections - Sexually transmitted infections

Antimicrobials

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn L. Estes ◽  
John W. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Toxic Effects

This chapter approaches the field of infectious diseases from 3 perspectives. This third section reviews antimicrobial agents. The mechanisms of action, spectrums of activity, clinical uses, routes of excretion, and toxic effects of various antimicrobial agents are emphasized. Antibacterials such as penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones are reviewed. Antifungals such as the azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins are also covered. Antivirals such as acyclovir, famciclovir, oseltamivir, and foscarnet are included as well.

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