Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Sentencing: Evidence from the U.S. Federal Courts

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Mustard
Keyword(s):  
Federal Courts ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
The U.S

Racial/ethnic and gender disparities in anger management therapy as a probation condition.

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra A. Bailey ◽  
Betsy E. Galicia ◽  
Kalin Z. Salinas ◽  
Melissa Briones ◽  
Sheila Hugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anger Management ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic and Gender Disparities in Renal Cell Carcinoma Incidence and Survival

2008 ◽  
Vol 179 (5) ◽  
pp. 1704-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Shi Stafford ◽  
Sidney L. Saltzstein ◽  
Suzuho Shimasaki ◽  
Catherine Sanders ◽  
Tracy M. Downs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Risk Perceptions of Low Nicotine Cigarettes and Alternative Nicotine Products across Priority Smoking Populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5311
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Denlinger-Apte ◽  
Lauren R. Pacek ◽  
Jennifer Cornacchione Ross ◽  
Maansi Bansal-Travers ◽  
Eric C. Donny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Priority Populations ◽  
Product Standard ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
The U.S

Background: As the U.S. Food and Drug Administration considers a low nicotine product standard for cigarettes, it is important to examine how people who smoke, especially individuals from priority populations disproportionately affected by smoking, perceive low nicotine content (LNC) cigarettes and their relative risk perceptions of alternative nicotine delivery system (ANDS) products, including e-cigarettes and snus, and medicinal nicotine. Methods: Data are from Wave 4 (2016–2017) of the adult Population Assessment of Tobacco Use and Health (PATH) Study. We examined respondents’ absolute risk perceptions about nicotine, LNC cigarettes, ANDS products and medicinal nicotine; their relative risk perceptions of LNC cigarettes and ANDS products compared to conventional cigarettes; and their relative risk perceptions of medicinal nicotine compared to ANDS products. Results: The majority of respondents across priority smoking populations indicated snus, e-cigarettes, and LNC cigarettes were ‘about the same’ level of harmfulness or addictiveness as conventional cigarettes. The majority of respondents indicated e-cigarettes to be ‘about the same’ harmfulness as medicinal nicotine. Conclusions: Our study indicates that adults who smoke cigarettes generally have misperceptions about the harms of nicotine and the relative risks of ANDS products and such misperceptions exist regardless of their racial/ethnic identity, sexual orientation, and gender identity.

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