scholarly journals Presence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1, Group M, Non‐B Subtypes, Bronx, New York: A Sentinel Site for Monitoring HIV Genetic Diversity in the United States

2000 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Weidle ◽  
Camelia E. Ganea ◽  
Kathleen L. Irwin ◽  
Danuta Pieniazek ◽  
Joseph P. McGowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New York ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sentinel Site ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Type 1

Relationship between Mutations in Dihydropteroate Synthase of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp.hominis Isolates in Japan and Resistance to Sulfonamide Therapy

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 3161-3164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Takahashi ◽  
Noriaki Hosoya ◽  
Tokiomi Endo ◽  
Tetsuya Nakamura ◽  
Hiroyuki Sakashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sulfa Drugs ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dihydropteroate Synthase ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Underlying Diseases

We examined mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) genes of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis(P. carinii) strains isolated from 24 patients withP. carinii pneumonia (PCP) in Japan. DHPS mutations were identified at amino acid positions 55 and/or 57 in isolates from 6 (25.0%) of 24 patients. The underlying diseases for these six patients were human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection (n= 4) or malignant lymphoma (n = 2). This frequency was almost the same as those reported in Denmark and the United States. None of the six patients whose isolates had DHPS mutations were recently exposed to sulfa drugs before they developed the current episode of PCP, suggesting that DHPS mutations not only are selected by the pressure of sulfa agents but may be incidentally acquired. Co-trimoxazole treatment failed more frequently in patients whose isolates had DHPS mutations than in those whose isolates had wild-type DHPS (n = 4 [100%] versus n = 2 [11.1%]; P = 0.002). Our results thus suggest that DHPS mutations may contribute to failures of co-trimoxazole treatment for PCP.

scholarly journals Extent of Cross-Resistance between Agents Used To Treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in Clinically Derived Isolates

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 909-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Richard Harrigan ◽  
Brendan A. Larder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Antiretroviral Agents ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT The phenomenon of cross-resistance to antiretroviral agents used to treat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is well known but so far has been only qualitatively described. Here, we quantitate the degree of cross-resistance among all commonly prescribed antiretroviral agents in almost 5,000 clinically derived recombinant isolates collected in the United States since January 2000.

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