scholarly journals Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections: T1M1 Isolates Expressing Pyrogenic Exotoxins A and B in Combination with Selective Lack of Toxin‐Neutralizing Antibodies Are Associated with Increased Risk of Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome

1999 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn K. G. Eriksson ◽  
Jan Andersson ◽  
Stig E. Holm ◽  
Mari Norgren
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group A

Necrotizing group a streptococcal infections associated with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

1996 ◽  
Vol 172 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Sellers ◽  
Marion L. Woods ◽  
Stephen E. Morris ◽  
Jeffrey R. Saffle
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Group A

scholarly journals Genital Tract GAS Infection ISIDOG Guidelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2043
Author(s):  
Gilbert Donders ◽  
Peter Greenhouse ◽  
Francesca Donders ◽  
Ulrike Engel ◽  
Jorma Paavonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Aerobic Vaginitis ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Group A

There has been an increasing worldwide incidence of invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease in pregnancy and in the puerperal period over the past 30 years. Postpartum Group A streptococci infection, and in particular streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and necrotizing fasciitis, can be life threatening and difficult to treat. Despite antibiotics and supportive therapy, and in some cases advanced extensive surgery, mortality associated with invasive group A streptococcal postpartum endometritis, necrotizing fasciitis, and toxic shock syndrome remains high, up to 40% of postpartum septic deaths. It now accounts for more than 75,000 deaths worldwide every year. Postpartum women have a 20-fold increased incidence of GAS disease compared to non-pregnant women. Despite the high incidence, many invasive GAS infections are not diagnosed in a timely manner, resulting in potentially preventable maternal and neonatal deaths. In this paper the specific characteristics of GAS infection in the field of Ob/Gyn are brought to our attention, resulting in guidelines to improve our awareness, early recognition and timely treatment of the disease. New European prevalence data of vaginal GAS colonization are presented, alongside two original case histories. Additionally, aerobic vaginitis is proposed as a supplementary risk factor for invasive GAS diseases.

scholarly journals Risk Factors in the Pathogenesis of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections: Role of Protective Humoral Immunity

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1871-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesham Basma ◽  
Anna Norrby-Teglund ◽  
Yajaira Guedez ◽  
Allison McGeer ◽  
Donald E. Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Group A

ABSTRACT An impressive change in the epidemiology and severity of invasive group A streptococcal infections occurred in the 1980s, and the incidence of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome cases continues to rise. The reason for the resurgence of severe invasive cases remains a mystery—has there been a change in the pathogen or in host protective immunity? To address these questions, we have studied 33 patients with invasive infection caused by genotypically indistinguishable M1T1 strains of Streptococcus pyogenes who had different disease outcomes. Patients were classified as having severe (n= 21) and nonsevere (n = 12) invasive infections based on the presence or absence of shock and organ failure. Levels of anti-M1 bactericidal antibodies and of anti-streptococcal superantigen neutralizing antibodies in plasma were significantly lower in both groups than in age- and geographically matched healthy controls (P < 0.01). Importantly, the levels of these protective antibodies in plasma samples from severe and nonsevere invasive cases were not different. Together the data suggest that low levels of protective antibodies may contribute to host susceptibility to invasive streptococcal infection but do not modulate disease outcome. Other immunogenetic factors that regulate superantigen responses may influence the severity of systemic manifestations associated with invasive streptococcal infection.

scholarly journals A case of Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (severe group A streptococcal infections) caused by arthritis.

1995 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Nakamura ◽  
Masaichi Furuya ◽  
Yasuhito Shimizu ◽  
Yukihiro Akiya ◽  
Yasunobu Uchikoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Group A
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