scholarly journals Chimeric Influenza Virus Replicating Predominantly in the Murine Upper Respiratory Tract Induces Local Immune Responses against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in the Genital Tract

1998 ◽  
Vol 178 (5) ◽  
pp. 1359-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Ferko ◽  
Dietmar Katinger ◽  
Andreas Grassauer ◽  
Andrej Egorov ◽  
Julia Romanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Upper Respiratory

scholarly journals Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses to a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Epitope Induced upon Vaginal Infection with a Recombinant Influenza A Virus

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 1020-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Garulli ◽  
Yoshihiro Kawaoka ◽  
Maria R. Castrucci
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Envelope Gene ◽  
Vaginal Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The humoral and cellular immune responses in the genital mucosa likely play an important role in the prevention of sexually transmitted infections, including infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here we show that vaginal infection of progesterone-treated BALB/c mice with a recombinant influenza virus bearing the immunodominant P18IIIB cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope of the gp160 envelope protein from an HIV-1 IIIB isolate (P18IIIB; RIQRGPGRAFVTIGK) can induce a specific immune response in regional mucosal lymph nodes, as well as in a systemic site (the spleen). A single inoculation of mice with the recombinant influenza virus induced long-lasting (at least 5 months) antigen-specific CTL memory detectable as a rapid recall of effector CTLs upon vaginal infection with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HIV-1 IIIB envelope gene products. Long-term antigen-specific CTL memory was also induced and maintained in distant mucosal tissues when mice were intranasally immunized with the recombinant influenza virus. These results indicate that mucosal immunization and, in particular, local vaginal immunization with recombinant influenza virus can provide strong, durable immune responses in the female genital tract of mice.

scholarly journals Penetration of the Nucleoside Analogue Abacavir into the Genital Tract of Men Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. e91-e92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rieneke M. E. van Praag ◽  
Rolf P. G. van Heeswijk ◽  
Suzanne Jurriaans ◽  
Joep M. A. Lange ◽  
Richard M. W. Hoetelmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Nucleoside Analogue ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Comparisons of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Variants in Blood and Genital Fluids near the Time of Male-to-Female Transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey A. Williams-Wietzikoski ◽  
Mary S. Campbell ◽  
Rachel Payant ◽  
Airin Lam ◽  
Hong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACTTo better understand the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the genetic characteristics of blood and genital viruses from males were compared to those of the imputed founding virus population in their female partners. Initially serodiscordant heterosexual African couples with sequence-confirmed male-to-female HIV-1 transmission and blood and genital specimens collected near the time of transmission were studied. Single viral templates from blood plasma and genital tract RNA and DNA were sequenced across HIV-1envgp160. Eight of 29 couples examined yielded viral sequences from both tissues. Analysis of these couples’ sequences demonstrated, with one exception, that the women’s founding viral populations arose from a single viral variant and were CCR5 tropic, even though CXCR4 variants were detected within four males. The median genetic distance of the imputed most recent common ancestor of the women’s founder viruses showed that they were closer to the semen viruses than to the blood viruses of their transmitting male partner, but this finding was biased by detection of a greater number of viral clades in the blood. Using multiple assays, the blood and genital viruses were consistently found to be compartmentalized in only two of eight men. No distinct amino acid signatures in the men’s viruses were found to link to the women’s founders, nor did the women’senvsequences have shorter variable loops or fewer N-linked glycosylation sites. The lack of selective factors, except for coreceptor tropism, is consistent with others’ findings in male-to-female and high-risk transmissions. The infrequent compartmentalization between the transmitters’ blood and semen viruses suggests that cell-free blood virus likely includes HIV-1 sequences representative of those of viruses in semen.IMPORTANCEMucosal transmissions account for the majority of HIV-1 infections. Identification of the viral characteristics associated with transmission would facilitate vaccine design. This study of HIV strains from transmitting males and their seroconverting female partners found that the males’ genital tract viruses were rarely distinct from the blood variants. The imputed founder viruses in women were genetically similar to both the blood and genital tract variants of their male partners, indicating a lack of evidence for genital tract-specific lineages. These findings suggest that targeting vaccine responses to variants found in blood are likely to also protect from genital tract variants.

scholarly journals Induction of Humoral Immune Responses following Vaccination with Envelope-Containing, Formaldehyde-Treated, Thermally Inactivated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 4927-4935 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Poon ◽  
J. T. Safrit ◽  
H. McClure ◽  
C. Kitchen ◽  
J. F. Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT The lack of success of subunit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines to date suggests that multiple components or a complex virion structure may be required. We previously demonstrated retention of the major conformational epitopes of HIV-1 envelope following thermal treatment of virions. Moreover, antibody binding to some of these epitopes was significantly enhanced following thermal treatment. These included the neutralizing epitopes identified by monoclonal antibodies 1b12, 2G12, and 17b, some of which have been postulated to be partially occluded or cryptic in native virions. Based upon this finding, we hypothesized that a killed HIV vaccine could be derived to elicit protective humoral immune responses. Shedding of HIV-1 envelope has been described for some strains of HIV-1 and has been cited as one of the major impediments to developing an inactivated HIV-1 vaccine. In the present study, we demonstrate that treatment of virions with low-dose formaldehyde prior to thermal inactivation retains the association of viral envelope with virions. Moreover, mice and nonhuman primates vaccinated with formaldehyde-treated, thermally inactivated virions produce antibodies capable of neutralizing heterologous strains of HIV in peripheral blood mononuclear cell-, MAGI cell-, and U87-based infectivity assays. These data indicate that it is possible to create an immunogen by using formaldehyde-treated, thermally inactivated HIV-1 virions to induce neutralizing antibodies. These findings have broad implications for vaccine development.

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