scholarly journals A Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–Inducing Factor from the Female Genital Tract Activates HIV‐1 Gene Expression through the κB Enhancer

1998 ◽  
Vol 178 (5) ◽  
pp. 1343-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Al‐Harthi ◽  
Gregory T. Spear ◽  
Farhad B. Hashemi ◽  
Alan Landay ◽  
Beverly E. Sha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Female Genital

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Genomic RNA Sequences in the Female Genital Tract and Blood: Compartmentalization and Intrapatient Recombination

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Philpott ◽  
Harold Burger ◽  
Christos Tsoukas ◽  
Brian Foley ◽  
Kathryn Anastos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Sequences ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Female Genital

ABSTRACT Investigation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the genital tract of women is crucial to the development of vaccines and therapies. Previous analyses of HIV-1 in various anatomic sites have documented compartmentalization, with viral sequences from each location that were distinct yet phylogenetically related. Full-length RNA genomes derived from different compartments in the same individual, however, have not yet been studied. Furthermore, although there is evidence that intrapatient recombination may occur frequently, recombinants comprising viruses from different sites within one individual have rarely been documented. We compared full-length HIV-1 RNA sequences in the plasma and female genital tract, focusing on a woman with high HIV-1 RNA loads in each compartment who had been infected heterosexually and then transmitted HIV-1 by the same route. We cloned and sequenced 10 full-length HIV-1 RNA genomes from her genital tract and 10 from her plasma. We also compared viral genomes from the genital tract and plasma of four additional heterosexually infected women, sequencing 164 env and gag clones obtained from the two sites. Four of five women, including the one whose complete viral sequences were determined, displayed compartmentalized HIV-1 genomes. Analyses of full-length, compartmentalized sequences made it possible to document complex intrapatient HIV-1 recombinants that were composed of alternating viral sequences characteristic of each site. These findings demonstrate that the genital tract and blood harbor genetically distinct populations of replicating HIV-1 and provide evidence that recombination between strains from the two compartments contributes to rapid evolution of viral sequence variation in infected individuals.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Amplification Technologies for Detection and Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in the Female Genital Tract

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 2665-2669 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Bremer ◽  
Marek Nowicki ◽  
Suzanne Beckner ◽  
Donald Brambilla ◽  
Mike Cronin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Female Genital

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA levels in female genital tract and peripheral blood samples were compared using two commercial amplification technologies: the Roche AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test and either the Organon Teknika nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA-QT) assay or the NucliSens assay. Estimates of HIV-1 RNA copy number were derived from internal kit standards and analyzed unadjusted and adjusted to a common set of external standards. We found a discordance rate of approximately 18% between the two technologies for the detection of HIV-1 in either the genital tract or peripheral blood samples. Detection discordance was not consistent among specimens or among women. There were no significant differences in adjusted or unadjusted estimates of HIV-1 RNA copy number in the genital tract samples using the AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test and either the NASBA-QT assay or the NucliSens assay. In addition, the estimated HIV-1 RNA copy number in peripheral blood samples did not differ when tested with the NucliSens assay and the AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test using kit standards. However, there was a significant difference in estimated RNA copy number between the NASBA-QT assay and the AMPLICOR HIV-1 MONITOR test for internal kit standards, which, as we have previously shown, was eliminated after adjustment with the external standards. Our results suggest that the Roche and Organon Teknika assays are equivalent for quantifying HIV-1 RNA in female genital tract specimens, although variation in detection does exist.

scholarly journals Detection and Quantitation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in the Female Genital Tract

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 3822-3824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Baron ◽  
James Bremer ◽  
Steven S. Wasserman ◽  
Marek Nowicki ◽  
Barbara Driscoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cervicovaginal Lavage ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Female Genital

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was detected in the genital tracts of 59% of 225 women by RNA PCR and in 7% of the women by culture. In a comparison of two sampling methods, endocervical swabs were more sensitive than cervicovaginal lavage for HIV-1 RNA detection by PCR but not by culture and their sensitivity was independent of the concentration of HIV-1 RNA.

scholarly journals Correlation between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA Levels in the Female Genital Tract and Immune Activation Associated with Ulceration of the Cervix

2000 ◽  
Vol 181 (6) ◽  
pp. 1950-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Lawn ◽  
Shambavi Subbarao ◽  
Thomas C. Wright, Jr. ◽  
Tammy Evans‐Strickfaden ◽  
Tedd V. Ellerbrock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Rna Levels

scholarly journals Association between Bacterial Vaginosis and Expression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in the Female Genital Tract

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Cu‐Uvin ◽  
Joseph W. Hogan ◽  
Angela M. Caliendo ◽  
Joseph Harwell ◽  
Kenneth H. Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Female Genital
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document