Variability and Parasitoid Foraging Efficiency: A Case Study of Pea Aphids and Aphidius ervi

1999 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Ives ◽  
Shon S. Schooler ◽  
Victoria J. Jagar ◽  
Sarah E. Knuteson ◽  
Miodrag Grbic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Parasitoid Foraging

scholarly journals Getting confused: learning reduces parasitoid foraging efficiency in some environments with non-host-infested plants

Oecologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilka Vosteen ◽  
Nika van den Meiracker ◽  
Erik H. Poelman
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Parasitoid Foraging

scholarly journals Habitat complexity reduces parasitoid foraging efficiency, but does not prevent orientation towards learned host plant odours

Oecologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 179 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Kruidhof ◽  
A. L. Roberts ◽  
P. Magdaraog ◽  
D. Muñoz ◽  
R. Gols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Plant Odours ◽  
Parasitoid Foraging

scholarly journals Non-consumptive effects stabilize herbivore control over multiple generations

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241870
Author(s):  
Kathryn S. Ingerslew ◽  
Deborah L. Finke
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Aphidius Colemani ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Aphid Abundance

Understanding the factors that influence predator-prey dynamics requires an investigation of oscillations in predator and prey population sizes over time. However, empirical studies are often performed over one or fewer predator generations. This is particularly true for studies addressing the non-consumptive effects of predators on prey. In a previous study that lasted less than one predator generation, we demonstrated that two species of parasitoid wasps additively suppressed aphid populations through a combination of consumptive and non-consumptive effects. However, the non-consumptive effects of one wasp reduced the reproductive success of the other, suggesting that a longer-term experiment may have revealed antagonism between the wasps. The goal of our current study is to evaluate multi-generation consumptive and non-consumptive interactions between pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and the wasps Aphidius ervi and Aphidius colemani. Aphidius ervi is a common natural enemy of pea aphids. Aphidius colemani is a non-consumptive enemy that does not consume pea aphids, but negatively affects pea aphid performance through behavioral disturbance. Large field cages were installed to monitor aphid abundance in response to the presence and absence of both species of wasp over four weeks (two parasitoid generations). We found that the non-consumptive enemy A. colemani initially controlled the pea aphid population, but control in the absence of parasitism was not sustainable over the long term. Aphidius ervi suppressed pea aphids through a combination of consumptive and non-consumptive effects. This suppression was more effective than that of A. colemani, but aphid abundance fluctuated over time. Suppression by A. ervi and A. colemani together was complementary, leading to the most effective and stable control of pea aphids. Therefore, promoting a diverse natural enemy community that contributes to pest control through consumptive and non-consumptive interactions may enhance the stability of herbivore population suppression over time.

scholarly journals Multiple phenotypes conferred by a single insect symbiont are independent

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1929) ◽  
pp. 20200562
Author(s):  
A. H. C. McLean ◽  
J. Hrček ◽  
B. J. Parker ◽  
H. Mathé-Hubert ◽  
H. Kaech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Multiple Phenotypes ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Pandora Neoaphidis ◽  
Microbial Symbionts ◽  
Single Insect

Many microbial symbionts have multiple phenotypic consequences for their animal hosts. However, the ways in which different symbiont-mediated phenotypes combine to affect fitness are not well understood. We investigated whether there are correlations between different symbiont-mediated phenotypes. We used the symbiont Spiroplasma , a striking example of a bacterial symbiont conferring diverse phenotypes on insect hosts. We took 11 strains of Spiroplasma infecting pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and assessed their ability to provide protection against the fungal pathogen Pandora neoaphidis and the parasitoids Aphidius ervi and Praon volucre . We also assessed effects on male offspring production for five of the Spiroplasma strains. All but one of the Spiroplasma strains provided very strong protection against the parasitoid P. volucre . As previously reported, variable protection against P. neoaphidis and A. ervi was also present; male-killing was likewise a variable phenotype. We find no evidence of any correlation, positive or negative, between the different phenotypes, nor was there any evidence of an effect of symbiont phylogeny on protective phenotype. We conclude that multiple symbiont-mediated phenotypes can evolve independently from one another without trade-offs between them.

scholarly journals Early Olfactory Environment Influences Antennal Sensitivity and Choice of the Host-Plant Complex in a Parasitoid Wasp

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Luquet ◽  
Olympe Tritto ◽  
Anne-Marie Cortesero ◽  
Bruno Jaloux ◽  
Sylvia Anton
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Host Fidelity ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Host Foraging ◽  
Antennal Responses ◽  
Parasitoid Foraging

Early experience of olfactory stimuli associated with their host–plant complex (HPC) is an important driver of parasitoid foraging choices, notably leading to host fidelity. Mechanisms involved, such as peripheral or central modulation, and the impact of a complex olfactory environment are unknown. Using olfactometer assays, we compared HPC preference of Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) females originating from two different HPCs, either with the other HPC in close vicinity (complex environment) or without (simple environment). We also investigated antennal responses to volatiles differentially emitted by the two respective HPCs. In a simple environment, HPC of origin had an influence on olfactory choice, but the preferences observed were asymmetric according to parasitoid origin. Electroantennographic recordings revealed significant sensitivity differences for some of the tested individual volatiles, which are emitted differentially by the two HPCs. Besides, presence of an alternative HPC during early stages modified subsequent parasitoid preferences. We discuss how increased olfactory complexity could influence parasitoid host foraging and biological control in diversified cropping systems.

scholarly journals Model complexity affects transient population dynamics following a dispersal event: a case study with pea aphids

Ecology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 1878-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Tenhumberg ◽  
Andrew J. Tyre ◽  
Richard Rebarber
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Transient Population ◽  
Pea Aphids

scholarly journals Influence of intercropping with spring cereals on the occurrence of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, 1776) and their natural enemies in field pea (Pisum sativum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seidenglanz ◽  
I. Huňady ◽  
J. Poslušná ◽  
A.-K. Løes
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Spring Cereals

Occurrences of pea aphids and their natural enemies (syrphids, mummies caused by entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria sp. and by the parasitic wasp Aphidius ervi) were compared in monocultures and mixtures of field peas and spring cereals in three seasons (2008–2010). At the beginning of colonisation, the occurrence of aphids was not substantially influenced by intercropping with cereals. However, the numbers of pea aphids located on inflorescences started to decline earlier in mixtures compared with monoculture. More syrphids (eggs + larvae) were found in mixtures than in monoculture, and more syrphid eggs were found in young aphid colonies (10 to 20 individuals) in mixtures. Intercropping did not influence the occurrence of fungal mummies (Beauveria sp.), but mixtures tended to have more aphid colonies infested by A. ervi in 2008 and 2009.  

Interactions in Entomology: Plant-Parasitoid Interaction in Tritrophic Systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo M. De Moraes ◽  
Mark C. Mescher
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Herbivore Species ◽  
Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles ◽  
Plant Herbivore ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Parasitoid Foraging

Tritrophic plant-herbivore-parasitoid interactions are highly complex and often tightly interwoven. Plant-parasitoid interactions are a fundamental component of such systems with profound implications both for parasitoid foraging efficiency and plant defense. Chemical, plant-based cues are the dominant cues used by parasitoids in long-range foraging to locate cryptic, highly-dispersed hosts within a complex physical and chemical environment. It is well documented that volatile chemical signals produced and released by plants specifically in response to herbivore feeding play an important role in parasitoid foraging. New evidence suggests that, in addition to being highly detectable and reliable indicators of herbivore presence, herbivore-induced plant volatiles may convey herbivore-specific information that allows parasitoids to discriminate even closely-related herbivore species at long range.

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