scholarly journals Anther Smut Transmission in Silene latifolia and Silene dioica: Impact of Host Traits, Disease Frequency, and Host Density

1998 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjen Biere ◽  
Sonja C. Honders
Keyword(s):  
Host Density ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Silene Dioica ◽  
Anther Smut

scholarly journals Glacial Refugia in Pathogens: European Genetic Structure of Anther Smut Pathogens on Silene latifolia and Silene dioica

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e1001229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Vercken ◽  
Michael C. Fontaine ◽  
Pierre Gladieux ◽  
Michael E. Hood ◽  
Odile Jonot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Silene Dioica ◽  
Anther Smut

C-banded karyotypes of two Silene species with heteromorphic sex chromosomes

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Grabowska-Joachimiak ◽  
Andrzej Joachimiak
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Silene Dioica ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes

Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of Silene latifolia (white campion) and Silene dioica (red campion) were studied and no substantial differences between the conventional karyotypes of these two species were detected. The classification of chromosomes into three distinct groups proposed for S. latifolia by Ciupercescu and colleagues was considered and discussed. Additionally, a new small satellite on the shorter arm of homobrachial chromosome 5 was found. Giemsa C-banded chromosomes of the two analysed species show many fixed and polymorphic heterochromatic bands, mainly distally and centromerically located. Our C-banding studies provided an opportunity to better characterize the sex chromosomes and some autosome types, and to detect differences between the two Silene karyotypes. It was shown that S. latifolia possesses a larger amount of polymorphic heterochromatin, especially of the centromeric type. The two Silene sex chromosomes are easily distinguishable not only by length or DNA amount differences but also by their Giemsa C-banding patterns. All Y chromosomes invariably show only one distally located band, and no other fixed or polymorphic bands on this chromosome were observed in either species. The X chromosomes possess two terminally located fixed bands, and some S. latifolia X chromosomes also have an extra-centric segment of variable length. The heterochromatin amount and distribution revealed by our Giemsa C-banding studies provide a clue to the problem of sex chromosome and karyotype evolution in these two closely related dioecious Silene species.Key words: dioecious plant, Silene dioica, Silene latifolia, karyotype, sex chromosomes, heterochromatin, C-banding.

scholarly journals Host Flower Infection of Silene latifolia by Microbotryum violaceum

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Reshma Patel
Keyword(s):  
Infected Individual ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Silene Latifolia ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Microbotryum Violaceum ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Anther Smut ◽  
Over Time

Certain fungi can infect host plants and thereby cause sterility of the host. One such fungal parasite, Microbotryum violaceum (commonly known as anther smut), has host specificity to plants of the family Caryophyllaceae. Anther smut takes over the host reproductive system by inhibiting sex-organ development in flowers, and the plant produces fungal spores in place of its normal reproductive structures. Spores can then be spread to nearby hosts through wind and insect pollinators. This experiment focuses on Silene latifolia plant populations growing near Zagreb, Croatia. Our research tests for phenotypic differences between infected and healthy flowers. To do this, we measured the size of healthy and infected flowers of both sexes. Additionally, we observed the proportion of infected flowers over time on individuals to uncover temporal trends of the smut infection. We found that all flower parts, regardless of plant sex, are significantly smaller in smut-infected flowers. After observing proportions of infected flowers, we found that the ratio of infected to healthy flowers increased over time. Our findings suggest that smut infection of S. latifolia causes changes in plant energy allocation. We propose that the smaller flower size could be the result of increased energy needed for M. violaceum spore production. This hypothesis could be tested with additional research. The increasing proportion of smutty flowers on an infected individual over time is likely caused by the spread of the infection throughout the plant.

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