Changes in Protein Complement Accompany Early Organogenesis in the Maize Ear

1992 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Thompson-Coffe ◽  
Brett A. Wagner ◽  
Alan R. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Early Organogenesis ◽  
Protein Complement ◽  
Maize Ear

First Nano-Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging Measurements of Single Phospholipid Bilayers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Cernescu ◽  
Michał Szuwarzyński ◽  
Urszula Kwolek ◽  
Karol Wolski ◽  
Paweł Wydro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Absorption Band ◽  
Spectral Region ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayers ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Protein Complement ◽  
20 Nm

<div><div>Scattering-mode Scanning Near-Field Optical Microscopy (sSNOM) allows one to obtain absorption spectra in the mid-IR region for samples as small as 20 nm in size. This configuration has made it possible to measure FTIR spectra of the protein complement of membranes. (Amenabar 2013) We now show that mid-IR sSNOM has the sensitivity required to measure spectra of phospholipids in individual bilayers in the spectral range 800 cm<sup>-1</sup>–1400 cm<sup>-1</sup>. We have observed the main absorption bands of the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine headgroups in this spectral region above noise level. We have also mapped the phosphate absorption band at 1070 cm<sup>-1</sup> simultaneously with the AFM topography. We have shown that we could achieve sufficient contrast to discriminate between single and multiple phospholipid bilayers and other structures, such as liposomes. This work opens the way to further research that uses nano-IR spectroscopy to describe the biochemistry of cell membranes and model systems.</div></div><div></div>

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Regulatory Networks during the Maize Ear Shank Elongation Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7029
Author(s):  
Cai-Yun Xiong ◽  
Qing-You Gong ◽  
Hu Pei ◽  
Chang-Jian Liao ◽  
Rui-Chun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Short Branch ◽  
Transcriptional Dynamics ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Elongation Process ◽  
Temporal Expression Pattern ◽  
Maize Ear

In maize, the ear shank is a short branch that connects the ear to the stalk. The length of the ear shank mainly affects the transportation of photosynthetic products to the ear, and also influences the dehydration of the grain by adjusting the tightness of the husks. However, the molecular mechanisms of maize shank elongation have rarely been described. It has been reported that the maize ear shank length is a quantitative trait, but its genetic basis is still unclear. In this study, RNA-seq was performed to explore the transcriptional dynamics and determine the key genes involved in maize shank elongation at four different developmental stages. A total of 8145 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 729 transcription factors (TFs). Some important genes which participate in shank elongation were detected via function annotation and temporal expression pattern analyses, including genes related to signal transduction hormones (auxin, brassinosteroids, gibberellin, etc.), xyloglucan and xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase, and transcription factor families. The results provide insights into the genetic architecture of maize ear shanks and developing new varieties with ideal ear shank lengths, enabling adjustments for mechanized harvesting in the future.

Experimental yolk sac dysfunction as a model for studying nutritional disturbances in the embryo during early organogenesis

Teratology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Brent ◽  
D. A. Beckman ◽  
M. Jensen ◽  
T. R. Koszalka
Keyword(s):  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Early Organogenesis ◽  
Nutritional Disturbances

scholarly journals An ethylene biosynthesis enzyme controls quantitative variation in maize ear length and kernel yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Ning ◽  
Yinan Jian ◽  
Yanfang Du ◽  
Yunfu Li ◽  
Xiaomeng Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Editing ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Maize Gene ◽  
Maize Ear

AbstractMaize ear size and kernel number differ among lines, however, little is known about the molecular basis of ear length and its impact on kernel number. Here, we characterize a quantitative trait locus, qEL7, to identify a maize gene controlling ear length, flower number and fertility. qEL7 encodes 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate oxidase2 (ACO2), a gene that functions in the final step of ethylene biosynthesis and is expressed in specific domains in developing inflorescences. Confirmation of qEL7 by gene editing of ZmACO2 leads to a reduction in ethylene production in developing ears, and promotes meristem and flower development, resulting in a ~13.4% increase in grain yield per ear in hybrids lines. Our findings suggest that ethylene serves as a key signal in inflorescence development, affecting spikelet number, floral fertility, ear length and kernel number, and also provide a tool to improve grain productivity by optimizing ethylene levels in maize or in other cereals.

Deformation-corrected computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction of immunohistochemically stained organs: Application to the rat heart during early organogenesis

1989 ◽  
Vol 224 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfons C. Laan ◽  
Wouter H. Lamers ◽  
Dionysius P. Huijsmans ◽  
Anita Te Kortschot ◽  
Jerry Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Heart ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Early Organogenesis ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction
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