Behavioral Flexibility and the Foraging Ecology of Seed-Eating Ants

1991 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Seed Eating

scholarly journals The evolution of intergroup tolerance in non-human primates and humans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C Pisor ◽  
Martin Surbeck
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Intergroup Encounters ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Human Foraging ◽  
Intergroup Behavior

Primate individuals use a variety of strategies in intergroup encounters, from aggression to tolerance; however, recent focus on the evolution of either warfare or peace has come at the cost of characterizing this variability. We identify evolutionary advantages that may incentivize tolerance toward extra-group individuals in humans and non-human primates, including enhanced benefits in the domains of transfer, mating, and food acquisition. We highlight the role these factors play in the flexibility of gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobo, and human behavior. Given humans have an especially broad range of intergroup behavior, we explore how the human foraging ecology, especially large geographic and temporal fluctuations in resource availability, may have selected for a greater reliance on tolerant between-community relationships – relationships reinforced by status acquisition and cultural institutions. We conclude by urging careful, theoretically-motivated study of behavioral flexibility in intergroup encounters in humans and the non-human great apes.

scholarly journals Incentives for intergroup tolerance and association: A call for increased attention in evolutionary anthropological research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C Pisor ◽  
Martin Surbeck
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Intergroup Encounters ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Human Foraging ◽  
Group Member ◽  
Intergroup Behavior

Primate individuals use a variety of strategies in intergroup encounters, from aggression to tolerance; however, recent focus on the evolution of either warfare or peace has come at the cost of characterizing this variability. We identify evolutionary advantages that may incentivize tolerance toward extra-group individuals in humans and non-human primates, including enhanced benefits in the domains of transfer and mating, food acquisition, inclusive fitness, and repeated interactions with an extra-group member. We highlight the role these factors play in the plasticity of gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo behavior. Humans have an especially broad range of plastic intergroup behavior. We explore how the human foraging ecology, especially large geographic and temporal fluctuations in resource availability, may have selected for a greater reliance on between-community relationships – relationships reinforced by status acquisition and cultural institutions. We conclude by urging careful, theoretically-motivated study of behavioral flexibility in intergroup encounters in humans, gorillas, and bonobos.

scholarly journals The evolution of intergroup tolerance in non-human primates and humans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C Pisor ◽  
Martin Surbeck
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Great Apes ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Intergroup Encounters ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Human Foraging ◽  
Intergroup Behavior

Primate individuals use a variety of strategies in intergroup encounters, from aggression to tolerance; however, recent focus on the evolution of either warfare or peace has come at the cost of characterizing this variability. We identify evolutionary advantages that may incentivize tolerance toward extra-group individuals in humans and non-human primates, including enhanced benefits in the domains of transfer, mating, and food acquisition. We highlight the role these factors play in the flexibility of gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobo, and human behavior. Given humans have an especially broad range of intergroup behavior, we explore how the human foraging ecology, especially large geographic and temporal fluctuations in resource availability, may have selected for a greater reliance on tolerant between-community relationships – relationships reinforced by status acquisition and cultural institutions. We conclude by urging careful, theoretically-motivated study of behavioral flexibility in intergroup encounters in humans and the non-human great apes.

FIT – Do Something Different

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben (C) Fletcher ◽  
Jill Hanson ◽  
Nadine Page ◽  
Karen Pine
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Life Skill ◽  
Behavioral Repertoire ◽  
Additional Weight

Two 3-month longitudinal studies examined weight loss following a 1-month behavioral intervention (FIT-DSD) focusing on increasing participants’ behavioral flexibility and breaking daily habits. The goal was to break the distal habits hypothesized as playing a role in unhealthy dietary and activity behaviors. The FIT-DSD intervention required participants to do something different each day and to engage in novel weekly activities to expand their behavioral repertoire. These activities were not food- or exercise-related. In Study 1, the FIT-DSD program was compared with a control condition where participants engaged in daily tasks not expected to influence behavioral flexibility. Study 2 used an active or quasicontrol group in which half the participants were also on food diets. Measures in both studies were taken pre-, post-, and post-postintervention. In Study 1, FIT-DSD participants showed greater weight loss that continued post-postintervention. In Study 2, all participants on the FIT-DSD program lost weight, weight loss continued post-postintervention, and participants who were also dieting lost no additional weight. A dose relationship was observed between increases in behavioral flexibility scores and weight loss, and this relationship was mediated by calorie intake. Corresponding reductions in BMI were also present. Increasing behavioral flexibility may be an effective approach for tackling obesity and also provides affective and potential life-skill benefits.

The Contributions of the Prelimbic Area to Behavioral Flexibility

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Ragozzino ◽  
Jenna Kim ◽  
Derrick Hasstert ◽  
Nancy Minniti ◽  
Charlene Kiang
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Flexibility

Kecakapan Behavioral Dalam Proses Pembelajaran PAI Melalui Komunikasi Interpersonal

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Latifah Latifah ◽  
Ngalimun Ngalimun ◽  
Muhammad Andi Setiawan ◽  
Makmur Haji Harun
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Communication Anxiety ◽  
Social Style ◽  
Interaction Management

Penelitian ini membuat gambaran secara sistematis tentang bagaimana Kecakapan Behavioral dalam proses pembelajaran PAI melalui komunikasi interpersonal di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah AssalamMartapura. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada kecakapan behavioral yang artinya kecakapan pada tingkat perilaku. Kecakapan ini membantu seseorang untuk melaksanakan perilaku yang membawa seseorang mencapai tujuan dalam komunikasi dengan orang lain. Kecakapan behavioral ini meliputi: 1) Keterlibatan interaktif (interactive involvement). Kecakapan ini menentukan tingkat keikutsertaan dan partisipasi seseorang dalam komunikasi dengan orang lain. Kecakapan ini meliputi, sikap tanggap (responsiveness), sikap perseptif (perceptiveness) dan sikap penuh perhatian (attentiveness). 2) Manajemen interaksi (interaction management). Kecakapan itu membantu seseorang mampu mengambil tindakan-tindakan yang berguna bagi seseorang untuk mencapai tujuan komunikasi. 3) Keluwesan perilaku (behavioral flexibility). Kecakapan ini membantu seseorang untuk melaksanakan berbagai kemungkinan perilaku yang dapat diambil untuk mencapai tujuan komunikasi. 4) Mendengarkan (listening). Kecakapan ini membantu seseorang untuk dapat mendengarkan orang yang berkomunikasi dengan seseorang tidak hanya isi, tetapi juga perasaan, keprihatinan, dan kekhawatiran yang menyertainya. 5) Gaya sosial (social style). Kecakapan ini membantu seseorang dapat berperilaku menarik, khas, dan dapat diterima oleh orang yang berkomunikasi dengan seseorang tersebut. 6) Kecemasan komunikasi (communication anxiety). Dengan kecakapan ini seseorang dapat mengatasi rasa takut, bingung, dan kacau pikiran, tubuh gemetar, dan rasa demam panggung yang muncul dalam komunikasi dengan orang lain.

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