Analysis of a Selective Predation Experiment

1972 ◽  
Vol 106 (952) ◽  
pp. 719-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. J. Manly ◽  
P. Miller ◽  
L. M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Selective Predation ◽  
Predation Experiment

Selective Predation and Productivity Jointly Drive Complex Behavior in Host‐Parasite Systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer R. Hall ◽  
Meghan A. Duffy ◽  
Carla E. Cáceres
Keyword(s):  
Complex Behavior ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Host Parasite

scholarly journals Evolution of a predator-induced, nonlinear reaction norm

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1861) ◽  
pp. 20170859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio J. Carter ◽  
Martin I. Lind ◽  
Stuart R. Dennis ◽  
William Hentley ◽  
Andrew P. Beckerman
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Daphnia Pulex ◽  
Reaction Norm ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
Selection Gradients ◽  
Hunting Strategies ◽  
Evolutionary Response

Inducible, anti-predator traits are a classic example of phenotypic plasticity. Their evolutionary dynamics depend on their genetic basis, the historical pattern of predation risk that populations have experienced and current selection gradients. When populations experience predators with contrasting hunting strategies and size preferences, theory suggests contrasting micro-evolutionary responses to selection. Daphnia pulex is an ideal species to explore the micro-evolutionary response of anti-predator traits because they face heterogeneous predation regimes, sometimes experiencing only invertebrate midge predators and other times experiencing vertebrate fish and invertebrate midge predators. We explored plausible patterns of adaptive evolution of a predator-induced morphological reaction norm. We combined estimates of selection gradients that characterize the various habitats that D. pulex experiences with detail on the quantitative genetic architecture of inducible morphological defences. Our data reveal a fine scale description of daphnid defensive reaction norms, and a strong covariance between the sensitivity to cues and the maximum response to cues. By analysing the response of the reaction norm to plausible, predator-specific selection gradients, we show how in the context of this covariance, micro-evolution may be more uniform than predicted from size-selective predation theory. Our results show how covariance between the sensitivity to cues and the maximum response to cues for morphological defence can shape the evolutionary trajectory of predator-induced defences in D. pulex .

Size-selective predation by roach (Rutilus rutilus) on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha): field stuides

Oecologia ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Prejs ◽  
K. Lewandowski ◽  
A. Stańczykowska-Piotrowska
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Rutilus Rutilus ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Roach Rutilus Rutilus

Interlake variation in growth and size structure of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus): inverse analysis of an individual-based model

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P Nibbelink ◽  
Stephen R Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Inverse Modeling ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Habitat Choice ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Free Parameters ◽  
Contrasting Habitats

Habitat structure alters food availability and predation risk, thereby directly affecting growth, mortality, and size structure of fish populations. Size structure has often been used to infer patterns of resource abundance and predation. However, food availability and predation risk in contrasting habitats have proven difficult to measure in the field. We use an inverse modeling approach to estimate food availability and habitat choice parameters from changes in length distributions of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). The model suggests that dynamics of bluegill length distributions primarily reflect food availability and habitat choice. Bluegill behavior minimized effects of size-selective predation on size structure. Parameters for food availability and habitat choice were correlated. It was therefore not possible to attain unique estimates of food availability and habitat selection when both were free parameters. However, when one parameter was estimated independently, the other could be identified. In five Wisconsin lakes, seining studies were used to estimate the size at which bluegill switched from littoral to pelagic habitats. Using this measure of switch size in the model, we estimated food availability for bluegill in each lake. These estimates were positively correlated with observed growth (r2 = 0.91), demonstrating the model's ability to estimate food availability.

Selective predation on acorn weevils by seed-caching Siberian chipmunk Tamias sibiricus in a tripartite interaction

Oecologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqin Yang ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Chuan Yan ◽  
Yihao Zhang ◽  
Dongyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Predation ◽  
Seed Caching ◽  
Siberian Chipmunk ◽  
Tripartite Interaction ◽  
Tamias Sibiricus

Predation on Common Wall Lizards: Survival Probabilities of Melanic Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 369-374
Author(s):  
Jenő J. Purger ◽  
Renáta Bocz
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Podarcis Muralis ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Survival Probabilities ◽  
Common Wall ◽  
Plasticine Models ◽  
The City

For estimation of predation plasticine models of prey animals are often used, because the soft material preserves imprints left by predators. We assumed that melanic common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) disappear by selective predation faster than cryptic individuals and habitat features have important role in this process. We studied the survival probabilities of cryptic and melanic colored plasticine common wall lizard models in habitats with different background coloration on selected places near the city of Pécs (south Hungary), where melanic common wall lizards had been observed earlier. Contrary to our expectations the daily survival rates of melanic plasticine common wall lizards were somewhat higher in all three locations (sandstone quarry, stone wall, coal pit) than those of the cryptic ones, but these differences were not significant. Predators were mostly mammals, which left more marks on plasticine models than birds, but we could not show a preference of the body parts of prey. We concluded that rare occurrence of melanic common wall lizards in habitats near the city of Pécs is not due to predation pressure.

scholarly journals Resurgence of an apex marine predator and the decline in prey body size

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (52) ◽  
pp. 26682-26689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ohlberger ◽  
Daniel E. Schindler ◽  
Eric J. Ward ◽  
Timothy E. Walsworth ◽  
Timothy E. Essington
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Marine Mammal ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Marine Predator

In light of recent recoveries of marine mammal populations worldwide and heightened concern about their impacts on marine food webs and global fisheries, it has become increasingly important to understand the potential impacts of large marine mammal predators on prey populations and their life-history traits. In coastal waters of the northeast Pacific Ocean, marine mammals have increased in abundance over the past 40 to 50 y, including fish-eating killer whales that feed primarily on Chinook salmon. Chinook salmon, a species of high cultural and economic value, have exhibited marked declines in average size and age throughout most of their North American range. This raises the question of whether size-selective predation by marine mammals is generating these trends in life-history characteristics. Here we show that increased predation since the 1970s, but not fishery selection alone, can explain the changes in age and size structure observed for Chinook salmon populations along the west coast of North America. Simulations suggest that the decline in mean size results from the selective removal of large fish and an evolutionary shift toward faster growth and earlier maturation caused by selection. Our conclusion that intensifying predation by fish-eating killer whales contributes to the continuing decline in Chinook salmon body size points to conflicting management and conservation objectives for these two iconic species.

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