Light as an Ecological Determinant of Interspecific Competition between Drosophila willistoni and Drosophila melanogaster

1953 ◽  
Vol 87 (837) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. M. Rizki ◽  
Charles G. Davis,
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Drosophila Willistoni

scholarly journals The mating rate of Drosophila suzukii reduction due to reproductive interference from Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhuo Chen ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Pengcheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Reproductive Interference ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Successful Mating ◽  
Reproductive Activities

Abstract Background Drosophila suzukii is widely distributed. Research has revealed that the presence of Drosophila melanogaster can reduce the emergence and egg laying of D. suzukii. However, the reasons for these phenomena have not yet been reported. To investigate this issue, we sought to answer three questions: Can the presence of D. melanogaster reduce the longevity of D. suzukii? Does D. melanogaster dominate in larval interspecific competition with D. suzukii? Does reproductive interference occur between these species; i.e., do individuals of one species (e.g., D. suzukii) engage in reproductive activities with individuals of the other (e.g., D. melanogaster) such that the fitness of one or both species is reduced? Results The results showed that the adult offspring number of Drosophila suzukii was significantly reduced when this species was reared with Drosophila melanogaster. The larval interspecific competition had no significant effects on Drosophila suzukii longevity or population size. Surprisingly, Drosophila melanogaster imposed reproductive interference on males of Drosophila suzukii, which led to a significant decline in the rate of successful mating of the latter species. Conclusions The presence of Drosophila melanogaster causes the population size of Drosophila suzukii to decrease through reproductive interference, and the rate of successful mating in Drosophila suzukii is significantly reduced in the presence of Drosophila melanogaster.

Interspecific competition between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans: Effects of adult

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Moth
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Species Frequency ◽  
Tissue Content ◽  
Strain Frequency ◽  
Percentage Data

The hatchability of eggs laid by D. simulans st and D. melanogaster Or-R-C in consecutive 12-hour periods was measured for the first seven days post eclosion in a replicated experiment where adult density at six levels, species frequency at two levels, and 32P tissue content at two levels were varied factorially. A similar experiment was done for D. simulans st and D. melanogaster yw. In both experiments, all unhatched eggs were classified as either dead or infertile. Least-squares analyses of variance on arcsine-transformed percentage data indicated that the three strains produced significantly different proportions of hatched, dead, and infertile eggs. Increased adult density significantly decreased the proportion of hatched eggs (and increased the proportion of dead eggs) for D. simulans st and D. melanogaster Or-R-C, but not for D. melanogaster yw. Effects of strain frequency were not significant for D. simulans st or D. melanogaster Or-R-C, but for D. melanogaster yw higher hatchability and lower proportions of infertile eggs were obtained in pure populations. Hatchability varied between periods; changes in hatchability being random (but significant) for D. melanogaster yw, and consistent (but not significant) for D. simulans st (a decrease in hatchability with time) and D. melanogaster Or-R-C (an increase with time). The competing strain of D. melanogaster did not influence the proportions of hatched, dead or infertile eggs from D. simulans st.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION ON THE DYNAMICS OF A POLYMORPHISM IN AN EXPERIMENTAL POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1315-1328
Author(s):  
Andrew Clark
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Ecological Genetics ◽  
Chromosome Polymorphism ◽  
Experimental Population ◽  
Fourth Chromosome ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Parental Density ◽  
Competing Populations ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Populations of Drosophila melanogaster with a fourth-chromosome polymorphism were subjected to different levels of competition with Drosophila simulans. The dynamics of the polymorphism and the equilibrium frequencies of the sparkling allele were seen to depend on the competitive level, while the higher productivity of the competing populations was shown to be due to the initial parental density. The effects of competition on fitness components were quantified by fitting the data to both a two-stage selection model and a fertility model. Additional experiments were performed to verify that the interspecific competition caused the changes in fitness. The results are discussed in light of the importance of considering selection components in models of ecological genetics.

scholarly journals The copia retrotransposon and horizontal transfer in Drosophila willistoni

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. RUBIN ◽  
E. L. S. LORETO ◽  
C. M. A. CARARETO ◽  
V. L. S. VALENTE
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Horizontal Transfer ◽  
South American ◽  
Southern Blots ◽  
Drosophila Willistoni ◽  
Copia Retrotransposon ◽  
Control Of Transposition ◽  
Copia Element

SummaryThe copia element is a retrotransposon that is hypothesized to have been horizontally transferred from Drosophila melanogaster to some populations of Drosophila willistoni in Florida. Here we have used PCR and Southern blots to screen for sequences similar to copia element in South American populations of D. willistoni, as well as in strains previously shown to be carriers of the element. We have not found the canonical copia element in any of these populations. Unlike the P element, which invaded the D. melanogaster genome from D. willistoni and quickly spread worldwide, the canonical copia element appears to have transferred in the opposite direction and has not spread. This may be explained by differences in the requirements for transposition and in the host control of transposition.

A comparison of the biology of a Nosema in Drosophila melanogaster to Nosema kingi in Drosophila willistoni

1986 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earlene Armstrong ◽  
Linda Bass ◽  
Kathleen Staker ◽  
Louise Harrell
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Drosophila Willistoni
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