Production of Female Offspring by Virgin Females in the Greenhouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Under the Influence of High Temperatures

1946 ◽  
Vol 80 (794) ◽  
pp. 532-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Mittler
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly

Male Courtship Persistence in the Greenhouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes Vaporariorum Westwood (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae)

Behaviour ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 72 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Las
Keyword(s):  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Encounter Rate ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Response Thresholds ◽  
Sperm Store

AbstractThe courtship behavior of whiteflies was examined, focusing particularly on the manner in which males maximized their fertilization rate by optimizing their time expenditure per female. Some males adopted a sneak male strategy in which they approached courting pairs and without preliminary courtship movements attempted copulation. The chief function of this strategy may have been to disrupt other males' courtships. 'Traditional courtship' was described and found to be sequentially invariable. However, if a female performed a maintenance activity during courtship, males had a significantly lower probability of success and had to court for a much longer time to improve their chances. Most males, including naive ones, persisted rather than abandoned these females. Persistence was seen as a strategy by which males could induce females with high sexual response thresholds to mate. Males reduced the primary cost of persistence, a lower encounter rate with other females, by integrating into their courtship strategy the way in which probability of insemination varied with courtship time invested. They neither courted for too short a time nor did they persist past the point of diminishing returns. Females appeared to assess males on the basis of courtship stamina and intensity. Recently mated females would remate only if the male performed a superior courtship in these respects. By copulating with males that performed more vigorous courtships, a female presumably improved the quality of her sperm store. This would increase her reproductive success because the resultant female offspring would receive a superior genetic complement from their haploid father, and the resultant male grandchildren would, on the average, possess the same desirable qualities that made their grandfather successful.

scholarly journals A novel non-trichome based whitefly resistance QTL in Solanum galapagense

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris Santegoets ◽  
Marcella Bovio ◽  
Wendy van’t Westende ◽  
Roeland E. Voorrips ◽  
Ben Vosman
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Type Iv

AbstractThe greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum is a major threat in tomato cultivation. In greenhouse grown tomatoes non-trichome based whitefly resistance may be better suited than glandular trichome based resistance as glandular trichomes may interfere with biocontrol, which is widely used. Analysis of a collection of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum galapagense showed resistance to the whitefly T. vaporariorum on plants without glandular trichomes type IV. The resistance affected whitefly adult survival (AS), but not oviposition rate. This indicates that S. galapagense, in addition to trichome based resistance, also carries non-trichome based resistance components. The effectiveness of the non-trichome based resistance appeared to depend on the season in which the plants were grown. The resistance also had a small but significant effect on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, but not on the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. A segregating F2 population was created to map the non-trichome based resistance. Two Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for reduced AS of T. vaporariorum were mapped on chromosomes 12 and 7 (explaining 13.9% and 6.0% of the variance respectively). The QTL on chromosome 12 was validated in F3 lines.

scholarly journals Vibrational communication and mating behavior of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Fattoruso ◽  
Gianfranco Anfora ◽  
Valerio Mazzoni
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Vibrational Communication ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Behavioral Manipulation ◽  
Vibrational Signals ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
Behavioral Transition ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe greenhouse whitefly (GW), Trialeurodes vaporariorum is considered one of the most harmful insect pests in greenhouses worldwide. The GW mating behavior has been partially investigated and its vibrational communication is only in part known. A deeper knowledge of its intraspecific communication is required to evaluate the applicability of control methods based on techniques of behavioral manipulation. In this study, for the first time, we provided a detailed ethogram of the GW mating behavior and we characterized the vibrational signals emitted during the process of pair formation. We characterized two types of male vibrational emissions (“chirp” and “pulses”), differently arranged according to the behavioral stage to form stage-specific signals, and a previously undescribed Male Rivalry Signal. We recorded and characterized two new female signals: The Female Responding Signal and the Female Rejective Signal. The mating behavior of GW can be divided into six different stages that we named “call”, “alternated duet”, “courtship”, “overlapped duet”, “mating”, “failed mating attempt”. The analysis performed with the Markovian behavioral transition matrix showed that the “courtship” is the key stage in which male exhibits its quality and can lead to the “overlapped duet” stage. The latter is strictly associated to the female acceptance and therefore it plays a crucial role to achieve mating success. Based on our findings, we consider the use of vibrational playbacks interfering with GW mating communication a promising option for pest control in greenhouses. We discuss the possibility to start a research program of behavioral manipulation to control the populations of GW.

Induced eggplant resistance against Trialeurodes vaporariorum triggered by jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and Nesidiocoris tenuis feeding

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Saeideh Esmaeily ◽  
Mohammad Amin Samih ◽  
Hamzeh Izadi
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Choice Situation ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Nesidiocoris Tenuis ◽  
Induction Of Resistance

AbstractGreenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, is one of the major insect pests of agricultural crops such as eggplant. Due to various difficulties associated with synthetic pesticides, more environmentally friendly alternative methods are greatly appreciated for controlling pests. In the present study, the induction of resistance was investigated in eggplant using root and foliar application of jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, as well as Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) either individually or in combination against T. vaporariorum. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions inside a growth chamber, which was set at 27 ± 2°C, 50 ± 5% relative humidity with a 16 h day length. Our results showed an increase in plant resistance due to the higher immature mortality rates, longer immature periods, lower longevity of adults, and fecundity. In free-choice situation, oviposition on root jasmonic acid (RJA) + N. tenuis and root abscisic acid (RABA) + N. tenuis was similar, but numbers of eggs deposited on these plants were lower than other treatments and control plants. The plant enzyme activity and phenolic content were significantly greater in RJA + N. tenuis and RABA + N. tenuis, intermediate in individual treatments, and the lowest in control plants. Correspondingly, T. vaporariorum longevity, number of eggs produced per female, oviposition preference, all were lowest when the insects fed on these treatments. These findings suggest that the induction of resistance in eggplants with the physiological changes in the host plant leads to a reduction in whitefly damage.

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