The Sand Martin

1869 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Augustus Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Sand Martin

Field studies on the behaviour of bird fleas

Parasitology ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Keith Bates ◽  
Miriam Rothschild
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Nest Material ◽  
Breeding Area ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
Sand Martin ◽  
Adult Flea

1. Factors controlling the distribution of the bird fleas Ceratophyllus styx, the sand-martin flea, C. gallinae, the hen flea, and Dasypsylla gallinulae, the blackbird flea, were investigated in the field.2. Sand-martin fleas (C. styx) pass the winter as adults within cocoons in the old nests of their host. Observations indicate that the fleas are stimulated to emerge from the cocoons by the rise in temperature in the spring, and some of the adult fleas emigrate in the spring and invade new nest burrows. Observations and experiments showed that sand-martin fleas disperse from old burrows both laterally and vertically and that emigrating fleas could reach areas as far as 33·8 m. from the old nests. The detection of the new burrow entrances is not due to vision, or to the recognition of difference of humidity between the burrow and the cliff face, or to the reaction to air current differences between the burrow and the cliff face, but to recognition of the horizontal floor of the burrows and a tendency to congregate upon horizontal surfaces. How the fleas distinguish the horizontal burrow surface from the cliff top is still unknown. The colonization of new burrows by the fleas does not occur at night. It is suggested that, in addition to finding their hosts in the spring by invading new burrows, sand-martin fleas may jump on to the birds when they are hovering near the cliff face. Many adult fleas leave the burrows within 3 days of the fledging time of the young sand-martins but a small number remain within the nest. The fate of these specimens is not known.3. C. gallinae, the hen flea, and D. gallinulae, the blackbird flea, pass the winter principally as adults enclosed in the cocoons in the old nest material. In the spring they emerge from the cocoons, emigrate away from the old nest and are free-living on the ground. Probably the adult C. gallinae and D. gallinulae jump on to birds when they are feeding on the ground in the spring.* Therefore the absence of hen fleas in nests situated on the ground or in open nests built in low vegetation, is not due to lack of opportunity of contact between the adult flea and the birds which construct such nests.4. It is concluded that in host-seeking, adults of C. gallinae and D. gallinulae emigrate away from old nests in the spring and come in contact with the host birds on the ground in the birds' feeding area, whereas C. styx adults emigrate into the hosts' breeding area and come in contact with the birds in the new nesting burrows.

On Some Known and New Species of the Family Tetrameridae Travassos, 1914, from Indian Birds

1962 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-338
Author(s):  
Ameer Sultana
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Worm ◽  
Solitary Male ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sand Martin

A solitary male and two females were collected from the Indian Sand-Martin, Riparia paludicola brevicaudata. The male worm was present in the lumen, and the blood red females were embedded in cysts formed in the walls of the proventriculus.

scholarly journals TAXONOMIC STRUCTURE OF NIDICOLE FAUNA IN THE NESTS OF THE SAND MARTIN (RIPARIA RIPARIA LINNAEUS, 1758) IN THE TERRITORY OF THE SARATOV REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.N. Kondratyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Riparia Riparia ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Sand Martin

Today, global climate changes are taking place, leading to changes in the habitats of many species, including organisms of epidemiological importance. The transfer of such organisms will primarily involve the blood-sucking parasites of migratory birds. The sand martin (Riparia riparia Linnaeus, 1758) is one of many migratory birds nesting in the Saratov region. In order to understand how much the species is involved in the transmission of infection and the creation of a new focal point of infection, it is necessary to establish the taxonomic structure of the nidicol fauna.

Bird services applicable to mine restoration: a case study of Sand Martin (Riparia riparia) burrow construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë Rohrer ◽  
Salvador Rebollo ◽  
Enrique Andivia ◽  
Carlos Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Franco
Keyword(s):  
Riparia Riparia ◽  
Sand Martin ◽  
Mine Restoration

scholarly journals Older birds have better feathers: A longitudinal study on the long-distance migratory Sand Martin, Riparia riparia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e0209737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Szép ◽  
János Dobránszky ◽  
Anders Pape Møller ◽  
Gareth Dyke ◽  
Ádám Z. Lendvai
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Riparia Riparia ◽  
Sand Martin

Foraging Cost of a Long Tail Ornament: An Experiment with Sand Martin Females

Ethology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Matyjasiak ◽  
P. G. JaboÅ„ ◽  
I. Olejniczak ◽  
P. I. Boniecki ◽  
S. -D. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Tail ◽  
Sand Martin

Effects of ectoparasites on the Sand Martin Riparia riparia nestlings

Ibis ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA ALICE SANTOS ALVES
Keyword(s):  
Riparia Riparia ◽  
Sand Martin
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