Nash Equilibrium Tariffs for the United States and Canada: The Roles of Country Size, Scale Economies, and Capital Mobility

1989 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Markusen ◽  
Randall M. Wigle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Scale Economies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Country Size ◽  
Size Scale

Federal Policy, Banking Market Structure, and Capital Mobilization in the United States, 1863–1913

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Sylla
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Capital Movement ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Banking Market ◽  
Banking Development ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Similar Development

The success with which capital funds are mobilized and transferred to industrial and related activities is widely regarded as a critical determinant of both the timing and the pace of industrialization in the modern era. Gerschenkron, for example, has suggested that institutional developments which increased this type of capital mobility played an important role in the varying degrees of industrial progress of nineteenth-century European countries. A functionally similar development, resulting from government intervention at the time of the Civil War, occurred in American banking and provided a powerful capital-supply stimulus for the United States's postbellum industrialization. This study deals with the origins of this banking development, presents an analysis of its potential effects on patterns of capital movement, and tests the hypotheses arrived at in the theoretical analysis using banking data derived primarily from theReportsof the Comptroller of the Currency.

Comparison-Shopping as an Emerging Channel to Increase Web Visibility for SMEs in the United States

2011 ◽  
pp. 214-237
Author(s):  
Yun Wan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Business Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dominant Strategy ◽  
Classic Model ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Comparison Shopping ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
Web Visibility

This chapter introduces comparison-shopping as an emerging channel to increase Web visibility for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME). In Section I, we analyze two business models of comparison-shopping services (CSP): the BargainFinder model and the Pricewatch model. The latter can be further differentiated as Pricewatch-classic model and Pricewatch-innovative model. Through data collected from 60 CSPs, we found Pricewatch-classic model is dominant for the time being, Pricewatch-innovative model is picking up, and the BargainFinder model is only viable in niche market. In Section II, we examined the feasibility of using comparison-shopping to increase Web visibility for SMEs. We demonstrated that comparison-shopping can increase the welfare of consumers, participating in comparison-shopping is a Nash equilibrium dominant strategy for SMEs, and comparison-shopping has the disintermediary effect on underdeveloped economies and polarizing effect on developed economies. Overall, this chapter provides a comprehensive introduction of comparison-shopping and its potential for increasing Web visibility for SMEs.

Logistics, Market Size, and Giant Plants in the Early Twentieth Century: A Global View

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLIE HANNAH
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Scale Economies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Market Size ◽  
Factor Endowments ◽  
Global View ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
Logistics Market

The businesses of developed Europe—transporting freight by a more advantageous mix of ships, trains, and horses—encountered logistic barriers to trade lower than those in the sparsely populated United States. Economically integrated, compact northwest Europe was a multinational market space larger than the United States, and, arguably, as open to interstate commerce as the contemporary Americandomesticmarket. By the early twentieth century, the First European Integration had enabled its manufacturers to build more than half the world's giant plants—many more than in the United States—as variously required by factor endowments, consumer demand, and scale economies.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

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