Domestic Resource Costs and Effective Protection Once Again

1972 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bela Balassa ◽  
Daniel M. Schydlowsky
Keyword(s):  
Effective Protection ◽  
Resource Costs ◽  
Domestic Resource

scholarly journals Comparative Advantage of Major Crops Production in Punjab: An Application of Policy Analysis Matrix

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Quddus ◽  
Usman Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Resource Cost ◽  
The Given ◽  
Policy Analysis Matrix ◽  
Domestic Resource ◽  
Positive Support

This study uses data from 1999/2000 to 2004/05 to determine the relative efficiency of major crops (wheat, rice, sugarcane, and cotton) in Punjab (Pakistan) and their comparative advantage in international trade as measured by economic profitability and the domestic resource cost (DRC) ratio. An economic profitability analysis demonstrates that Punjab has a comparative advantage in the domestic production of wheat for self-sufficiency but not for export purposes. In basmati production, Punjab has a comparative advantage, and increasing Basmati production for export is a viable economic proposition. The nominal protection coefficient (NPC), effective protection coefficient (EPC), and DRC for Irri rice are more than 1: the given input-output relationship and export prices do not give Punjab a comparative advantage in production of Irri for export. Sugarcane growers did not receive economic prices (i.e. prices reflecting true opportunity costs) during 2001/02 and 2002/03 in an importing scenario, while in 2003/04, the NPC was 1.02, indicating positive support to sugarcane growers. The NPCs estimated under an exporting situation range from 1.33 to 1.99, indicating that the prices received by growers are higher than the export parity/economic prices.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAYA SAING KOMODITAS IKAN LELE KABUPATEN BOGOR

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindawati Lindawati ◽  
Rikrik Rahadian ◽  
Sonny Koeshendrajana
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Resource Costs ◽  
Policy Analysis Matrix ◽  
Domestic Resource ◽  
Nominal Protection

Nilai daya saya saing suatu produk merupakan gambaran kemampuan suatu komoditas untuk berkompetisi di pasar. Setiap komoditas yang dijual di pasar, secara natural tentunya harus berdaya saing, baik dibandingkan dengan komoditas sejenis maupun komoditas substitusinya. Ikan lele merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan bagi program Minapolitan di Kabupaten Bogor, sehingga memiliki nilai strategis bagi pemangku kebijakan di sektor Kelautan dan Perikanan. Hingga saat ini, kajian mikro usaha budidaya ikan lele telah banyak dilakukan, namun analisis daya saing komoditas ini masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing komoditas ikan lele Kabupaten Bogor, menggunakan metode Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Lokasi pengumpulan data dilakukan di Kabupaten Bogor, serta Kabupaten Tulungagung – sebagai pesaing utama – untuk melihat nilai ekonomi (harga sosial) dari komoditas lele. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai Private Costs Ratio (PCR) sebesar 0,43, Domestic Resource Costs Ratio (DRC) sebesar 0,14, Nominal Protection Coefficient on Tradables Inputs (NPCI) sebesar 1,20 dan Nominal Protection Coefficient on Tradables Inputs (NPCI) sebesar 1,15. Keempat angka tersebut merupakan indikator dari rendahnya daya saing komoditas Lele di Kabupaten Bogor dibandingkan komoditas saingannya yang berasal dari Tulungagung. Dari hasil analisis tersebut, untuk meningkatkan daya saing komoditas ikan lele Kabupaten Bogor maka sangat diperlukan sebuah program peningkatan ketersediaan pakan yang disertai dengan program stabilisasi harga berbagai input produksi.

scholarly journals Empirical Problems of Effective Rates of Protection: An Evaluation of Past Experience

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-173
Author(s):  
Kurt V. Rabenau
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
Domestic Currency ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Trade Prices ◽  
Resource Costs

During the last 10 years a number of articles have been published on the concept of effective protection. Most of them were concerned with theoretical aspects of effective rates of protection (ERPs) in the usual neoclassical framework. There¬fore, practitioners had little help from this literature when they wanted to use the basic ERP formula on a more complex world and with limited data supply. The insufficient discussion on -the empirical problems might be the main reason, ex¬plaining why the results of actual calculations of ERPs are hardly comparable. Anyway, in nearly every empirical investigation that I know of, a different formula has been used [see 1,2,3,5,6,12,14,16,17 and 23]. Because the concept of effective protection has in the meantime been established as a major tool for analyzing the resource allocation of primary factors between industries and the resource costs of producing one unit of domestic currency if output and inputs are valued at free trade prices it would be worth-while to discuss the major empirical problems of ERPs in order to bring about comparability between future results.

scholarly journals Economic Efficiency and Distortions to Incentives in Production of Cotton and Rice Crops in Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
ABDUL SALAM ◽  
SADIA TUFAIL
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Resource Cost ◽  
Implicit Taxation ◽  
Domestic Resource

The study based on crop budgets, for 2010-12 crops, was, inter alia, designed to examine economic efficiency and distortions in incentives to production of cotton and basmati rice, long grain aromatic rice, crops in Punjab. The analysis has confirmed the competitiveness of their production in Punjab as farmers’ gross revenues from these crops exceeded their total costs, enabling farmers make some profit. The competitiveness, nevertheless, is sensitive to changes in prices of the produce and those of the inputs. The analysis conducted at economic prices have indicated economic efficiency and comparative advantage of Punjab in producing both basmati rice and cotton. The domestic resource cost coefficients for basmati as well as cotton were consistently less than one, confirming Punjab’s comparative advantage and economic efficiency in their farming. The estimation and analysis of nominal projection coefficients and effective protection coefficients for basmati and cotton crops have indicated implicit taxation as well as some protection to domestic producers. The results of economic efficiency and comparative advantage, of both basmati and cotton, are quite sensitive to the fluctuations and developments in world markets with spill over to the domestic market, impacting their competitiveness.

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