Comment: The Optimal Growth Rate of Money

1968 ◽  
Vol 76 (4, Part 2) ◽  
pp. 876-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Clower
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Optimal Growth Rate

scholarly journals Characterization of Colletotrichum acutatum Isolates Causing Anthracnose of Almond and Peach in California

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Adaskaveg ◽  
R. J. Hartin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Conidial Morphology ◽  
Optimal Growth Rate

The causal organism responsible for the recent outbreak of almond and peach anthracnose in California was identified and characterized as Colletotrichum acutatum. Isolates of C. acutatum from almond were found to be similar to California strawberry isolates and South Carolina peach and apple isolates of C. acutatum based on conidial morphology, temperature relationships, fungicide sensitivity, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods using DNA species-specific primers. On almond, blossoms and immature or mature fruit were affected by the disease, causing direct losses of crop. On peach, the disease was observed only on mature fruit. Pathogenicity of almond and peach isolates of C. acutatum was demonstrated on wound- and nonwound-inoculated almond or peach fruit by fulfilling Koch's postulates. Conidial morphology of isolates was variable, depending on the medium or substrate used to culture the isolates. Isolates of C. acutatum from strawberry, almond, and peach were grouped together based on a similar response to temperature, with an optimal growth rate at 25°C (generally less than 10 mm/day), whereas isolates of C. gloeosporioides from citrus and papaya had an optimal growth rate at 30°C (generally greater than 10 mm/day). In fungicide disk assays, isolates of C. acutatum from strawberry, peach, and apple, as well as almond and peach isolates from California, were less sensitive to benomyl at 300, 600, or 1,200 μg/ml. In contrast, C. gloeosporioides isolates from citrus and papaya were very sensitive to benomyl at all concentrations evaluated. All isolates of both species were sensitive to captan (300, 600, or 1,200 μg/ml). Oligonucleotide primers were synthesized for C. acutatum, C. fragariae, or C. gloeosporioides using published DNA sequences from the internal transcribed spacer 1 region of ribosomal DNA. Thirty-two Colletotrichum isolates from almond fruit produced DNA products with a C. acutatum primer (CaInt-2) that matched products and approximate molecular weight of known C. acutatum isolates. No PCR products were produced with primers for C. gloeosporioides or C. fragariae. Isolates from citrus and papaya produced DNA products only with primers from C. gloeosporioides or C. fragariae. Thus, worldwide, anthracnose of almonds may be caused by either C. gloeosporioides, as previously reported, or by C. acutatum, as indicated in this study.

Linear Stability Analysis in a Compressible Axisymmetric Swirling Jet

2014 ◽  
Vol 574 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Zhi Wei Guo ◽  
Si Min Shen ◽  
Wei Min Feng ◽  
Bo Fu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Linear Stability ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Swirl Number ◽  
Swirling Jet ◽  
Optimal Growth Rate ◽  
The Stability

Temporal linear stability of a compressible axisymmetric swirling jet is investigated. The present work extends a previous analysis to include the effects of swirl number on the stability of flow dynamics. Results obtained show that the optimal growth rate of disturbance for azimuthal wavenumber n = -1 is larger than that for n = -2 while the corresponding frequencies for both n increases as axial wavenumber increases. As swirl number q increases, the optimal growth rate of disturbance also increases. What is more, there is an optimal swirl number for small axial wavenumbers, which is different from the situation for medium and large axial wavenumbers.

scholarly journals A critical intracellular concentration of fully reduced non-methylated folate polyglutamates prevents macrocytosis and diminished growth rate of human cell line K562 in culture

1983 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Watkins ◽  
B A Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
K562 Cells ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Human Cell Line ◽  
Intracellular Concentration ◽  
Folate Concentration ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Optimal Growth Rate

Growth rate of human leukaemic cell line K562 was independent of intracellular folate concentration when this was greater than 1.5 microM. When intracellular folate concentration was less than 1.5 microM, the rate of growth was proportional to the logarithm of intracellular concentration of non-methylated fully reduced folates, but not to the logarithm of the intracellular concentration of N5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamate. Intracellular folate concentration sufficient to support an optimal growth rate was maintained by either DL-N5-formyltetrahydropteroylglutamate or DL-N5-methyltetrahydropteroylglutamate at a 100-fold lower concentration than pteroylglutamate. Addition of hypoxanthine to culture medium partially restored growth of folate-depleted cells: thymidine had no effect on growth rate either alone or in combination with thymidine. Folate-depleted cells with diminished growth rate were larger than replete cells, but did not have megaloblastic morphology. The mitotic index was not decreased in cultures with diminished growth rate. The rate of growth and cell size of K562 cells is thus dependent on a critical intracellular concentration of non-methylated tetrahydrofolates, which may be maintained by different concentrations of either reduced folates or pteroylglutamate.

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