The State of the Art in Welfare State Research on Social Spending Efforts in Capitalist Democracies Since 1960

Edwin Amenta

doi:10.1086/230322

POLITIK HUKUM PENGUATAN FUNGSI NEGARA UNTUK KESEJAHTERAAN RAKYAT (Studi Tentang Konsep Dan Praktik Negara Kesejahteraan Menurut UUD 1945)

JURNAL HUKUM DAN PERADILAN ◽

10.25216/jhp.6.3.2017.337-360 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 337

Author(s):

Agus Riwanto ◽

Seno Wibowo Gumbira

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

Economic System ◽

Free Market ◽

The State ◽

Constitutional Amendment ◽

Social Spending ◽

Liberal State ◽

Legal Policy ◽

The People ◽

State Functions

According to the constitution, the state concept in constitutional practice can be divided into two opposite poles, namely welfare and liberal state. They have different characteristics in which the first concept (welfare state) requires a strong and extensive state functions to regulate an economic justice, on the contrary the second concept (liberal state) relies on the free market economy which state’s role should be marginalized. Sosio-legal research is used in this article. Based on the Article 33 of Indonesian post constitutional amendment of 1945, Indonesia embraced the concept of welfare state. Yet, the practice sociologically tends to embrace a liberal state that is not suitable with the welfare of the people. There are challenges, in the context of liberal state, faced by Indonesia, such as applying the capitalist economic system. We may fight the capitalist economic system by two legal policy, namely: first one, we may re-create the role of state functions as a controller and regulator of the economy. The second one, we may increase the state income through taxes along with the higher social spending to achieve the social welfare and economic justice.Keywords: welfare state, the constitution of 1945, legal policy

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Measuring the Generosity of Parental Leave Policies

Social Inclusion ◽

10.17645/si.v9i2.3943 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 238-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adeline Otto ◽

Alzbeta Bártová ◽

Wim Van Lancker

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

Parental Leave ◽

Welfare States ◽

Public Welfare ◽

Social Spending ◽

Social Rights ◽

Special Focus ◽

Welfare Provision ◽

State Research ◽

Cash Benefits

In order to investigate and compare welfare states or specific welfare programmes, scientists, opinion‐makers and politicians rely on indicators. As many of the concepts or objects studied are somewhat abstract, these indicators can often only be approximations. In comparative welfare‐state research, scholars have suggested several approximating indicators to quantitatively measure and compare the generosity of public welfare provision, with a special focus on cash benefits. These indicators include social spending, social rights and benefit receipt. We present these indicators systematically, and critically discuss how suitable they are for comparing the generosity of parenting leave policies in developed welfare states. Subsequently, we illustrate how the operationalisation of leave generosity by means of different indicators can lead to different rankings, interpretations and qualifications of countries. Hence, indicator choices have to be considered carefully and suitably justified, depending on the actual research interest.

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Sympathy for the Neoliberal

10.1093/oso/9780190686710.003.0005 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Arjun Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

Willingness To Pay ◽

The State ◽

Alternative View ◽

Social Spending ◽

Market Mechanisms ◽

Tax Base ◽

The Poor ◽

Provision Of Services ◽

The Welfare State

This chapter offers an alternative view of the emergence and persistence of the welfare state and the effect of neoliberalism on the state. By showing the very recent origins of the tax base to pay for elevated social spending, the chapter argues that the welfare state is more contingent than currently appreciated because its funding originated in costly and unrepeatable wars. Subsequently, the ability of the state to provide welfare has been challenged by neoliberalism, which offers markets as an alternative to state provision of services. The result is that the demand for services is high and unfulfilled by market mechanisms, as classical liberals had argued about markets failing to supply for the poor, but popular willingness to pay taxes is lower than what is required to provide those services. Neoliberalism has not replaced the state with market mechanisms but has compromised the state’s ability to be self-enforcing.

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Legal Consciousness and Administrative Justice

The Oxford Handbook of Administrative Justice ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190903084.013.21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

David Cowan ◽

Rosie Harding

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

State Of The Art ◽

The State ◽

Legal Consciousness ◽

Consciousness Studies ◽

Ken Loach ◽

The Welfare State ◽

Administrative Justice

This chapter draws attention to the ways in which the study of legal consciousness can provide added depth to studies of administrative justice. Perhaps surprisingly, given the prevalence of the former, it has yet to have much impact on the field of administrative justice. Drawing attention to the state of the art in legal consciousness studies, as well as those studies which do explore the interaction between legal consciousness and administrative justice, the chapter considers the possibilities raised and issues which have been addressed. The chapter develops its argument about the significance of the interaction by analysing the Ken Loach film I, Daniel Blake, arguing that cultural artefacts themselves can hold clues as to legal consciousness. Through that analysis, the chapter explores themes of systemic injustice, resistance and justice seeking in the interactions between the film’s protagonist and the administrative machinery of the welfare state.

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Comparative Research on the Determinants of the Welfare State: the State of the Art*

European Journal of Political Research ◽

10.1111/j.1475-6765.1984.tb00099.x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 403-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

HANNU UUSITALO

Keyword(s):

Welfare State ◽

Comparative Research ◽

State Of The Art ◽

The State ◽

The Welfare State

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Practical Picture Processing

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100051700 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 338-339

Author(s):

T. A. Welton

Keyword(s):

Radiation Damage ◽

Coherence Length ◽

Spatial Information ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Coherent Radiation ◽

The State ◽

Energy Spread ◽

Electron Micrograph ◽

Picture Processing ◽

Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

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