Economic Necessity and the Life Cycle in the Family Economy of Nineteenth-Century Indianapolis

1993 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert V. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Economic Necessity

Working Class Debt in the Late Nineteenth Century United States

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elyce Rotella ◽  
George Alter
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Distress ◽  
Economic Strategies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Nineteenth Century United States ◽  
Life Cycle Patterns ◽  
Near Future

Children's wages played a central role in family economic strategies in the late nineteenth century. The family budgets collected by the U.S. Commissioner of Labor in 1889-1890 show that life-cycle patterns of savings and debt varied by industry depending upon incomes from children. The consumption patterns of families whose expenditures exceeded their incomes do not show signs of economic distress, and most families whose annual budget was in deficit could expect larger contributions from children in the near future. These patterns suggest that families used borrowing and saving to smooth consumption over the life-cycle as the earning capacity of the family changed.

scholarly journals The Oregon Donation Act of 1850 and Nineteenth Century Federal Married Women's Property Law

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-78
Author(s):  
Richard H. Chused
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Education Of Women ◽  
Service Groups

Almost every state and territory adopted a married women's property act between 1835 and 1850. These acts generally exempted married women's property from attachment by creditors of their husbands, effecting a slight change in the battery of common-law coverture rules that gave husbands management of their wives' real property and ownership of their personal property. Alterations in the roles of women in the family, increases in education of women and growth in the importance of women's public service groups provided an environment sympathetic to initial reforms in married women's property law. In addition, economic panics and depressions affected the family economy, providing an incentive for adoption of rules exempting married women's property from the claims of their husbands' creditors.

scholarly journals Reading German Girlhood: Louise Tilly and the Agency of Girls in European History

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Emily C. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Social History ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
European History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Family

This article addresses the legacies of Louise Tilly's work on women and the family in Europe for current studies of girls’ agency in history. Using my preliminary analysis of a body of German periodicals written for girls during the late Enlightenment, I propose some methodological possibilities for combining cultural histories of reading with social historical approaches to the roles played by girls and women in European social life. Tilly's focus on the life cycle as an organizing principle and the family economy as a key site of history established the importance of such groups to social historical understandings of the past. Though my study incorporates sources outside the usual bounds of social history, it also depends on the analysis and methods of pioneering feminist social historians such as Louise Tilly.

NAGEKEO WOMEN'S CULTURAL STRUGGLE AS A FLORES SUB-CULTURE AGAINST THE FLOW OF CIVILIZATION'S PROGRESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 001
Author(s):  
Daniel Susilo ◽  
Teguh Dwi Putranto ◽  
Maria Theresia Lestari Mola Neu ◽  
Charles Julian Santos Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Entire Life Cycle ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cultural Struggle ◽  
Depth Interviews

ABSTRACT HobaPojo is a traditional cloth from the Nagekeo district that is commonly used by Nagekeo women. However, the development of fashion with other motive trends made hobapojo less prestige and began to be abandoned. This qualitative study uses case studies, in-depth interviews with triangulation methods to achieve research credibility. Data was found that the hobapojo cloth was traditionally intended for Nagekeo women. The meaning contained in the cloth covers the entire life cycle to the death of Nagekeo woman. Hobapojo must be used in a variety of traditional events, like clothing, blankets, dance costumes, surrender at the wedding, and cut teeth until the luggage when he died. Hobapojo is also a handicraft product for Nagekeo women to support their lives and to drive the family economy. There are rules in the use of fabrics, and each motif represents the characteristics and thinking skills of the weavers as a form of existence and effort to preserve culture. Keywords; Culture; HobaPojo; Cultural Communication. ABSTRAK HobaPojo adalah kain tradisional dari distrik Nagekeo yang biasa digunakan oleh wanita Nagekeo. Namun, perkembangan mode dengan tren motif lainnya membuat hobapojo kurang gengsi dan mulai ditinggalkan. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan studi kasus, wawancara mendalam dengan metode triangulasi untuk mencapai kredibilitas penelitian. Data ditemukan bahwa kain hobapojo secara tradisional ditujukan untuk wanita Nagekeo. Makna yang terkandung dalam kain mencakup seluruh siklus hidup sampai kematian wanita Nagekeo. Hobapojo harus digunakan dalam berbagai acara tradisional, seperti pakaian, selimut, kostum tari, pasrah di pesta pernikahan, potong gigi sampai koper ketika ia meninggal. Hobapojo juga merupakan produk kerajinan tangan untuk wanita Nagekeo untuk mendukung kehidupan mereka dan untuk mendorong ekonomi keluarga. Ada aturan dalam penggunaan kain, dan masing-masing motif mewakili karakteristik dan keterampilan berpikir para penenun sebagai bentuk keberadaan dan upaya untuk melestarikan budaya. Kata kunci; Budaya; HobaPojo; Komunikasi Budaya.

scholarly journals A CHILD AND MERE HIRELING IN THE URBAN SOCIETY OF THE HETMANSHYNA IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-77
Author(s):  
Ihor Serdiuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hired Labor

The article examines the use of hired child labour in the Hetman State society with an emphasis on its peculiarities inherent to the urban population. In general, the labour was the most important element of the socialization of the child at the time, and it worked “seriously”; its work was aimed precisely atthe outcome but not at the process or work itself. This is the main difference from the present-day practices, and that is what made possible and allowedthe widespread use of hired child labour, it was regarded not as an upbringing, but as a real contribution to the family economy. The child could make a contribution to the family economy by working directly in the family economy, as well as by working beyond it. At the same time, many kinds of work done, its volume, character, etc. could be similar. At the same time, the work of the son of the artisan on the one hand and his pupil on the other, or the same daughter of the Cossack and his young tenant, bore distinctly different social contexts. Hired labour and apprenticeship meant having a child outside his own family and stated his mobility (within a single settlement or on a larger territory). Such labour migration of children and adolescents was an important part of the separation of the Hetman State city over its district. The concentration of people aged 10-14, and most notably of 15-19 years increased in its population in comparison with villages. Cities offered more variations of the rewards. They had more variety of vacancies and job offers specifically for minors. By concentrating economic and human resources, the Hetman State city gave an opportunity to find work somewhere close to their homes. The child could change the owners several times, but without leaving that same settlement. In rural areas, such migrations took place from farm to farm, or between villages. This state of affairs created a system of competition between the hirelings for good work and between employers for the good hirelings. The mechanisms of such competition, as well as inequality and discrimination related to the work of children, are the problem of a separate study.  The city’s advantages are inseparable from its dangers because the social capital acquired by young minors could be negative and extend to the whole family. The presence of migrants, the travelling and marginalized elements, the soldiers on the posts – all of these, typically urban phenomena, gave birth to the demand for prostitution, in which young girls were involved. The boys could be involved in the theft of livestock and things, to fend for fleeing, to steal for service. In this case, the families of hired children not only did not benefit from the earnings of their descendants, but also suffered from the use of equipment, had to pay for damage, and so on. Despite these dangers, the city of Hetman State attracted young people. When exploring hired labor in the early modern days, it is worth abandoning the Soviet approach, which considers it mainly as one-sided operation. At present, the most productive is the concept of life cycle service or life cycle servanthood. From this point of view, the service of the house (in Ukrainian historiography labeled with the concept of “hiring” (Ukr. ‘naymy’, ‘naymytuvannya’) does not appear as something permanent, accomplished, but as one of the stages of human life, an important component of its socialization.  It is considered not only as a consequence of poverty, but as a certain fuse from this phenomenon, which allowed to survive elementary, to obtain a certain social capital, to acquire some material resources necessary for the transition to the next stage of the life cycle.

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