A Structural Theory of Revolutions.Johan Galtung

This paper analyzes some pantun batobo using structural theory of semiotics. Pantun batobo is rhyme sung by the members of tobo when conducting batobo (mutual cooperation working the fields). Pantun batobo as objects in this article was obtained from the sources (tobo actors) in Taratak Village, Rumbio Jaya District, Kampar Regency. A hundred pantun collected, only four pantun were analyzed that writer categorized into humble themed. The results of the analysis shows that pantun humble themed is structurally semiotic. Pantun Batobo is a text that is rich both in structure (shape) and semiotics (the use of signs). Pantun batobo is not only attract the level of form, but also interesting in terms of content and meaning, so there is a balance between form and content. In structure, pantun batobo have certain patterns, such as rhyme and the number of words and syllables are in lines of poem, while in semiotics, pantun batobo has layers of meaning.AbstrakTulisan ini menganalisis beberapa pantun batobo dengan menggunakan teori struktural semiotik. Pantun batobo adalah pantun yang didendangkan oleh para anggota tobo ketika melakukan kegiatan batobo (bergotong royong di ladang mengerjakan sawah). Pantun batobo sebagai objek dalam tulisan ini diperoleh dari para narasumber (para pelaku tobo) di Desa Taratak, Kecamatan Rumbio Jaya, Kabupaten Kampar. Dari seratus pantun yang dikumpulkan, hanya dianalisis empat pantun yang penulis golongkan ke dalam pantun bertema merendah diri. Adapun hasil dari analisis pantun bertema merendah diri secara struktural semiotik yaitu pantun batobo merupakan sebuah teks yang kaya baik secara struktur (bentuk) dan semiotik (penggunaan tanda-tanda). Pantun batobo bukan hanya menarik dalam tataran bentuk, tetapi juga menarik dalam hal isi dan makna, sehingga terdapat keseimbangan antara bentuk dan isi. Secara struktur, pantun batobo memiliki pola tertentu, seperti rima serta jumlah kata dan suku kata yang terdapat pada baris pantun, sedangkan secara semiotik, pantun batobo memiliki lapis-lapis makna.

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Representasi Tokoh Cakraningrat dalam Sajarah Proza Begin Brawijaya

Jumantara: Jurnal Manuskrip Nusantara ◽

10.37014/jumantara.v11i2.1033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Novarina Novarina ◽

Mamlahatun Buduroh

Keyword(s):

Structural Study ◽

Literary Theory ◽

Literary Work ◽

Structural Theory ◽

Content Structure ◽

Philosophy Of Life ◽

Historical Text ◽

History Of ◽

Main Figure ◽

Theory Framework

This paper is the result of a study of the Nusantara manuscripts using the historical text sources of Madura. The object of this research is the transliteration of a manuscript from the collection of the Central Library of Indonesia entitled Sajarah Proza Begin Brawijaya (SPBB) code SJ.230 Novarina edition (2020). In examining the manuscript, the philological method and literary theory framework were used. From the field of literature, Jan van Luxemburg's structural theory, Julia Kristeva's intertextuality, and Teeuw's concept of literary representation are used. From the structural study, it can be seen that the SPBB text framework is composed of literary structures and content structures (history), which as a whole serve to legitimize the power of the 17-18 century Madurese king. Meanwhile, the results of the intertextual analysis showed that the elements built into the content structure (history) of the SPBB text were connected with M.C. Ricklefs and H.J. De Graaf in representing Cakraningrat as the main figure in the history of Java, Madura, and VOC based on the author's life view to raise one of the values of the Javanese philosophy of life in this text. This linkage results in the conclusion that as a traditional Javanese historical literary work, the SPBB text is representative of its creator's culture, one of which is as a representation of the philosophy of mikul dhuwur mendhem jero in the Javanese view of life.

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An Age-Structural Theory of State Performance

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1467284 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Richard P. Cincotta

Keyword(s):

Structural Theory

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1,3-Thiazolidin-4-ones: Biological Potential, History, Synthetic Development and Green Methodologies

Current Organic Synthesis ◽

10.2174/1570179415666180919125625 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1109-1123

Author(s):

Jonas da Silva Santos ◽

Joel Jones Junior ◽

Flavia M. da Silva

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Green Chemistry ◽

Functional Group ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Structural Theory ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Synthetic Methodologies ◽

Over Time

Background: We present here the synthesis of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (1) and its functionalised analogues, such as the classical isosteres, glitazone (1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione) (2), rhodanine (2-thioxo-1,3- thiazolidin-4-one) (3) and pseudothiohydantoin (2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one) (4) started in the midnineteenth century to the present day (1865-2018). Objective: The review focuses on the differences in the representation of the molecular structures discussed here over time since the first discussions about the structural theory by Kekulé, Couper and Butlerov. Moreover, advanced synthesis methodologies have been developed for obtaining these functional group, including green chemistry. We discuss about its structure and stability and we show the great biological potential. Conclusion: The 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one nucleus and functionalised analogues such as glitazones (1,3- thiazolidine-2,4-diones), rhodanines (2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones) and pseudothiohydantoins (2-imino-1,3- thiazolidine-2-4-ones) have great pharmacological importance, and they are already found in commercial pharmaceuticals. Studies indicate a promising future in the area of medicinal chemistry with potential activities against different diseases. The synthesis of these nuclei started in the mid-nineteenth century (1865), with the first discussions about the structural theory by Kekulé, Couper and Butlerov. The present study has demonstrated the differences in the representations of the molecular structures discussed here over time. Since then, various synthetic methodologies have been developed for obtaining these nuclei, and several studies on their structural and biological properties have been performed. Different studies with regards to the green synthesis of these compounds were also presented here. This is the result of the process of environmental awareness. Additionally, the planet Earth is already showing clear signs of depletion, which is currently decreasing the quality of life.

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Feudal Europe, 800–1300: communal discourse and conflictual practices

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818300027776 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 427-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Markus Fischer

Keyword(s):

Critical Theory ◽

Social Science ◽

International Relations ◽

Social Theory ◽

Structural Theory ◽

Historical Change ◽

Fundamental Significance ◽

The Social ◽

Social Scientific ◽

Scientific Argument

The discipline of international relations faces a new debate of fundamental significance. After the realist challenge to the pervasive idealism of the interwar years and the social scientific argument against realism in the late 1950s, it is now the turn of critical theorists to dispute the established paradigms of international politics, having been remarkably successful in several other fields of social inquiry. In essence, critical theorists claim that all social reality is subject to historical change, that a normative discourse of understandings and values entails corresponding practices, and that social theory must include interpretation and dialectical critique. In international relations, this approach particularly critiques the ahistorical, scientific, and materialist conceptions offered by neorealists. Traditional realists, by contrast, find a little more sympathy in the eyes of critical theorists because they join them in their rejection of social science and structural theory. With regard to liberal institutionalism, critical theorists are naturally sympathetic to its communitarian component while castigating its utilitarian strand as the accomplice of neorealism. Overall, the advent of critical theory will thus focus the field of international relations on its “interparadigm debate” with neorealism.

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