Society: Collective Behavior, News and Opinion, and Sociology and Modern Society.Robert E. Park , Everett Cherrington Hughes

1956 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-98
Author(s):  
Rudolf Heberle
Keyword(s):  
Collective Behavior

Voronoi Analysis of a Soccer Game

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Random System ◽  
Soccer Game ◽  
Voronoi Polygons ◽  
The Mean

This paper describes a Voronoi analysis method to analyze a soccer game. It is important for us to know the quantitative assessment of contribution done by a player or a team in the game as an individual or collective behavior. The mean numbers of vertices are reported to be 5–6, which is a little less than those of a perfect random system. Voronoi polygons areas can be used in evaluating the dominance of a team over the other. By introducing an excess Voronoi area, we can draw some fruitful results to appraise a player or a team rather quantitatively.

scholarly journals Social Collective Attack Model and Procedures for Large-Scale Cyber-Physical Systems

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Peidong Zhu ◽  
Peng Xun ◽  
Yifan Hu ◽  
Yinqiao Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Physical System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Attack Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Collective

A large-scale Cyber-Physical System (CPS) such as a smart grid usually provides service to a vast number of users as a public utility. Security is one of the most vital aspects in such critical infrastructures. The existing CPS security usually considers the attack from the information domain to the physical domain, such as injecting false data to damage sensing. Social Collective Attack on CPS (SCAC) is proposed as a new kind of attack that intrudes into the social domain and manipulates the collective behavior of social users to disrupt the physical subsystem. To provide a systematic description framework for such threats, we extend MITRE ATT&CK, the most used cyber adversary behavior modeling framework, to cover social, cyber, and physical domains. We discuss how the disinformation may be constructed and eventually leads to physical system malfunction through the social-cyber-physical interfaces, and we analyze how the adversaries launch disinformation attacks to better manipulate collective behavior. Finally, simulation analysis of SCAC in a smart grid is provided to demonstrate the possibility of such an attack.

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