The Long-Term Heliospheric Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays according to a Time-dependent Drift Model with Merged Interaction Regions

1994 ◽  
Vol 423 ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Potgieter ◽  
J. A. Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Drift Model ◽  
Interaction Regions

Cosmic ray modulation in high and middle latitudes during solar cycles 22 and 23

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Chukwudi Okpala ◽  
Francisca Nneka Okeke ◽  
Anselem Ikechukwu Ugwuoke
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Cosmic Ray Modulation ◽  
Interaction Regions

Galactic cosmic rays are modulated in the heliosphere primarily by the global merged interaction regions with intense magnetic fields, which leads to a decrease in galactic cosmic rays throughout the heliosphere. Using long-term averages of solar wind (SW) component parameters in addition to cosmic ray count rates of four neutron monitors with different rigidity cutoffs, we analyzed the effect of these SW components on the count rates under different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) disturbance levels. From first-order partial correlation, we found that the IMF-B was the most dominant modulating parameter, especially during quiet conditions and the SW dynamic pressure was more effective during disturbed conditions. The influence of more subtle parameters like wind speed, Bz component, and proton density were masked by these dominant parameters: IMF total B, and SW dynamic pressure.

A drift model for the modulation of galactic cosmic rays

1985 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Potgieter ◽  
H. Moraal
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Drift Model

scholarly journals Multi-point galactic cosmic rays measurements between 1 and 4.5 AU over a full Solar cycle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Honig ◽  
Olivier G. Witasse ◽  
Hugh Evans ◽  
Petteri Nieminen ◽  
Erik Kuulkers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Radiation Data ◽  
Rosetta Mission ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cross Calibration ◽  
Comet 67P

Abstract. The radiation data collected by the Standard Radiation Environment Monitor (SREM) aboard ESA missions INTEGRAl, ROSETTA, HERSCHEL, PLANCK and PROBA-1, and by the High Energy Neutron Detector (HEND) instrument aboard Mars Odyssey are analysed with an emphasis on characterising Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) in the inner heliosphere. A cross-calibration between all sensors was performed for this study, which can also be used in subsequent works. We investigate the stability of the SREM detectors over long-term periods. The radiation data is compared qualitatively and quantitatively with the corresponding solar activity. Based on INTEGRAL and Rosetta SREM data, a GCR helioradial gradient of 2.96 %/AU is found between 1 and 4.5 AU. In addition, the data during the last phase of the Rosetta mission around comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko were studied in more detail. An unexpected and yet unexplained 8 % reduction of the Galactic Comic Ray flux measured by Rosetta SREM in the vicinity of the comet is noted.

The Drugs and Natural Antioxidants as the Components of Anti-radiation Countermeasures during Cosmic Flights

2017 ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
И. Ушаков ◽  
I. Ushakov ◽  
М. Васин ◽  
M. Vasin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Solar Cosmic Rays ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
The Impact

Radiation situation for cosmonauts over long-term cosmic flights is caused by low-rate radiation of galactic cosmic rays and solar cosmic rays consisting of high-energy proton as well as heavy particles (Z>10) within 1-2 % that is exclusively a threat of stochastic radiation effects (small increase of cancer risk and decrease of mean life span) for men. During interplanetary expedition periods the small probability of raised solar activity there is a threat of exposure to astronauts at doses that cause deterministic radiation effects leading to the development of the disease as a clinical manifestation of radiation injuries,. In a similar scenario it is necessary to have available to cosmic ship anti-radiation countermeasures for cosmonaut protection. Among radioprotective equipment can be provided with radiation protective agents and partial shielding of body separate section providing the best condition for post-radiation repair of radiosensitive body tissues. Preparation B-190 (indralin) is the most perspective from a small numbers of other radioprotectors permitting for men administration. Besides high radioprotective efficacy and large broadness of protective action B-190 is well tolerated including the impact of extrem flight factors. Antiemetic agent latran (ondansetron) is most interesting among preparation for prophylaxis and reduction of prodromal radiation reaction. To accelerate post-radiation hematopoietic recovery after raised solar activity an administration of radiomitigators (riboxin et al.) is substantiated. Neupomax (neupogen) is recommended as a preparation for pathogenesis therapy of acute radiation syndrome. Possible consequences of long-term cosmic voyages for oxidative stress development are taken into consideration. On their basis of nNatural antioxidants, preparations and nutrients radiomodulators, fully qualitative nutrition including vegetable food enriched flavonoids, vitamins C, E and carotene potentially prevent a shorten of cosmonaut biological age induced by solar cosmic rays and galactic cosmic rays and stress factors of long-term cosmic voyages. Radiomodulators are low and non-toxic and have not side effects in recommended doses. Their radioprotective effect is directly induced by adaption reaction on cellular and organismic levels through gene expression modulation and in that way the increase of non-specific body tolerance. The implementation of radiomodulator action is possible through hormesis mechanism.

Role of drifts and global merged interaction regions in the long-term modulation of cosmic rays

1993 ◽  
Vol 98 (A2) ◽  
pp. 1243-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank B. McDonald ◽  
Nand Lal ◽  
Robert E. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Interaction Regions

Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays near solar minimum (1965)

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S887-S891 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Balasubrahmanyan ◽  
D. E. Hagge ◽  
F. B. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Minimum ◽  
Intensity Variation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Solar Modulation ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Cosmic Ray Intensity ◽  
Radial Gradient

The results of the continuous monitoring of the intensity of cosmic rays (of energy > 50 MeV) with identical G-M counter telescopes flown in satellites IMP I, II, and III and OGO-I are presented along with the differential spectrum studies obtained from balloon flights at Fort Churchill and from satellites. A comparison of the time behavior of the G-M counter data with Deep River neutron monitor data suggests the presence of a "hysteresis" type of behavior due to spectral changes occurring near solar minimum. The existence of this "hysteresis" suggests that the radial gradient of cosmic rays near the earth could be much smaller than the ~ 10%/AU obtained by O'Gallagher and Simpson (1967) and O'Gallagher (1967) at higher energies. The long-term intensity variation of cosmic rays seems to follow the Ap index rather closely in phase, in contrast to sunspot numbers which display a pronounced phase difference with cosmic-ray intensity. The differential spectra of protons and He nuclei have been analyzed in terms of two different models for the propagation in the interplanetary medium. The modulations indicated by the present data seem to disagree with a diffusion coefficient proportional to βR where β and R are the velocity and rigidity of the particle respectively (Jokipii 1966).

Global magnetic field of the Sun and long-term variations of galactic cosmic rays

2001 ◽  
Vol 63 (18) ◽  
pp. 1923-1929 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Belov ◽  
B.D. Shelting ◽  
R.T. Gushchina ◽  
V.N. Obridko ◽  
A.F. Kharshiladze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Global Magnetic Field ◽  
Long Term Variations
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