A latitude survey of carbon monoxide emission near the Galactic center

1986 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 868 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Bania
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Emission

An integrated effort of medium reactivity fuel, in-cylinder, and after-treatment strategies to demonstrate potential reduction in challenging emissions of reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 1260-1278
Author(s):  
R Murugan ◽  
D Ganesh ◽  
G Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition ◽  
Potential Reduction ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Emission ◽  
Compression Ignition Combustion

Previous studies on reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion indicated that, reducing the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions at low load conditions still remains a challenge because of lower in-cylinder temperatures due to lower global reactivity gradient and reduced oxidation process. Research in this direction has not been reported so far and with this motivation, an attempt has been made to increase the global reactivity gradient and oxidation of fuel–air mixture by converting the low reactivity fuel methanol into medium reactivity fuel. This is achieved by mixing high octane oxygenated fuel, methanol (Octane Number: 110), with an oxygenated better cetane and volatility fuels like polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether (Cetane Number: 78) and isobutanol (Cetane Number: 15). The medium reactivity fuel with multiple direct injection of diesel fuel timed the combustion of dual fuel–air mixture to avoid too late or too advanced combustion which are the prime factors in controlling the unburnt emissions in a low temperature combustion process. Four medium reactivity fuel samples, M80IB20, M60IB40, M90P10, and M80P20, on percentage volume basis have been prepared and tested on the modified on-road three-cylinder turbocharged common rail direct injection diesel engine to demonstrate higher indicated thermal efficiency and potential reduction in unburnt and oxides of nitrogen/particulate matter emissions from reactivity controlled compression ignition combustion. Experimental results show that, use of medium reactivity fuel with optimized diesel injection strategy resulted in 66% decrease in hydrocarbon emission and 74% decrease in carbon monoxide emission by enhancing the oxidation of fuel–air mixture at lower temperatures which is evidently noticed in the combustion characteristics. Further reduction in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emission of about 90% has been achieved by integrating the diesel oxidation catalyst with the engine.

scholarly journals The carbon monoxide distribution in the inner Galaxy

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 207-208
Author(s):  
T. M. Bania
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Large Deviations ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
Rotational Transition ◽  
Circular Motion ◽  
Latitude Distribution ◽  
Co Emission

The latitude distribution of the emission from the 12CO J=1→0 rotational transition has been surveyed for the region 350° ≤ 1 ≤ 25° at b = 0′, ±10′ and ±20′. Most of the 12CO emission in the inner Galaxy, the region extending from the galactic center to 4 kpc radius, is produced by three large and massive objects: the nuclear disk/bar, the 3-kpc arm and the “+135 km s-1 feature”. These structures all have observed HI counterparts and each shows extremely large deviations (50–180 km s-1) from circular motion. Observations of 13CO in selected directions show that the two structures outside the nuclear disk each span at least 2 kpc in length and that together they imply ≥ 1055 ergs in kinetic energy of expansion away from the galactic nucleus.

scholarly journals Pulsars as a galactic population

1979 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Joseph H. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Supernova Remnants ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
Hii Regions ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Disk Thickness ◽  
Galactic Population ◽  
The Galaxy

Recent pulsar surveys have increased the number of known pulsars to well over 300, and many of them lie at distances of several kpc or more from the sun. The distribution of pulsars with respect to distance from the galactic center is similar to other population I material such as HII regions, supernova remnants, and carbon monoxide gas, but the disk thickness of the pulsar distribution is rather greater, with <|z|>≈350 pc. Statistical analysis suggests that the total number of active pulsars in the Galaxy is a half million or more, and because kinematic arguments require the active lifetimes of pulsars to be ≲5×106 years, it follows that the birthrate required to maintain the observed population is one pulsar every ∼10 years (or less) in the Galaxy.

Observations of Galactic Carbon Monoxide Emission at 2.6 Millimeters

1974 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Wilson ◽  
P. R. Schwartz ◽  
E. E. Epstein ◽  
W. A. Johnson ◽  
R. D. Etcheverry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Emission

Carbon monoxide emission and the Eta Carinae stage of Nova NQ Vulpeculae

1979 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Ferland ◽  
D. L. Lambert ◽  
H. Netzer ◽  
D. N. B. Hall ◽  
S. T. Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Eta Carinae ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Emission

Molecular clouds associated with reflection nebulae. I - A survey of carbon monoxide emission

1980 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 734 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Kutner ◽  
D. E. Machnik ◽  
K. D. Tucker ◽  
R. L. Dickman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Molecular Clouds ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Emission ◽  
Reflection Nebulae
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