The velocity field of bright nearby galaxies. II - Luminosity functions for various Hubble types and luminosity classes - The peculiar motion of the local group relative to the Virgo cluster

1979 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Tammann ◽  
A. Yahil ◽  
A. Sandage
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Field ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Virgo Cluster ◽  
Luminosity Functions ◽  
Nearby Galaxies ◽  
Peculiar Motion

scholarly journals The Motion of the Local Group of Galaxies with Respect to the Background of Galaxies

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 255-258
Author(s):  
R. D. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Optical Studies ◽  
Group Motion ◽  
Gravitational Influence ◽  
Nearby Galaxies ◽  
Peculiar Motion ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Hubble Flow

A measurement of the motion of the Local Group of galaxies through the Universe provides an indication of their peculiar motion relative to the Hubble flow consequent upon the gravitational influence of the local large scale mass inhomogeneities. This motion can be measured either relative to the cosmic microwave background at z ∼ 1000 or relative to the background or nearby (z ∼ 0.01) galaxies. The interpretation of published measurements is subject to some uncertainty. As an example, the Local Group motion derived from optical studies of nearby galaxies (Rubin et al. 1976) differs from that derived from radio frequency measurements of the dipole anisotropy in the microwave background. (Boughn et al. 1981, Gorenstein & Smoot 1981).

scholarly journals The planetary nebulae luminosity function and distances to the Virgo, Hydra i, and Coma Clusters

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S289) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
Magda Arnaboldi ◽  
Alessia Longobardi ◽  
Ortwin Gerhard ◽  
S. Okamura
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Nebula ◽  
Luminosity Function ◽  
Planetary Nebulae ◽  
Central Star ◽  
Virgo Cluster ◽  
Cluster Galaxies ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Luminosity Functions ◽  
Brightest Cluster Galaxies ◽  
Nearby Galaxies

AbstractThe luminosity function of planetary nebula populations in galaxies at distances within 10–15 Mpc exhibits a cut-off at bright magnitudes and a functional form that is observed to be invariant among different galactic morphological types. Therefore, it is used as a secondary distance indicator applicable to both early- and late-type galaxies. Recent deep surveys of planetary nebula populations in brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) seem to indicate that their luminosity functions deviate from those observed in the nearby galaxies. We discuss the evidence for such deviations in the Virgo Cluster, and indicate which physical mechanisms may alter the evolution of a planetary nebula envelope and its central star in the halo of BCGs. We then discuss preliminary results for distances to the Virgo, Hydra i, and Coma Clusters based on the observed planetary nebulae luminosity functions.

scholarly journals Infrared, Optical, and X-ray Properties of the Nuclei of Nearby Galaxies

1978 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
G. Burbidge
Keyword(s):  
Local Group ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
Virgo Cluster ◽  
Physical Entity ◽  
Stellar Content ◽  
Nuclear Activity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Nearby Galaxies

The term “nearby galaxies” is not very precise. If we restrict ourselves to galaxies within the local group, we are really only talking about our Galaxy, M31 and M33. Since the Galactic Center has been reviewed extensively by Oort in Annual Reviews (1977), and I feel that there is nothing exceptional to say about the nuclei of M31 and M33 as far as phenomena other than their stellar content and central dynamics are concerned, to discuss interesting properties we must consider more distant objects. If we go out to the distance of the Virgo cluster, we already include objects such as NGC 5128, M82 and M87. Each of these galaxies shows or was claimed to show evidence of different kinds of violent nuclear activity. Indeed, it is obvious that within the volume occupied by the supercluster (whether or not it is really a physical entity) there must be many galaxies in which nuclear activity can be detected.

Spiral Galaxies, Elliptical Galaxies and the Large-Scale Velocity Field Within 3500 Km/s of the Local Group

1988 ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Burstein ◽  
Roger L. Davies ◽  
Alan Dressler ◽  
S. M. Faber ◽  
Donald Lynden-Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Spiral Galaxies ◽  
Elliptical Galaxies

scholarly journals Galaxy Motions in the Nearby Universe

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
John P. Huchra
Keyword(s):  
Virgo Cluster ◽  
Velocity Fields ◽  
Density Field ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
History Of ◽  
Measured Flow ◽  
Nearby Galaxies ◽  
Cluster 2 ◽  
Hubble Flow

In this paper we review the history of the search for and study of the motions of nearby galaxies with respect to the Hubble Flow. The current status of the field is that (1) convincing infall has been detected into dense clusters, especially the Virgo cluster, (2) the microwave background direction is moderately well aligned with the measured flow nearby but not apparently on larger scales, and (3) there is good but not perfect consistency between the nearby density fields and velocity fields. Particular problems exist in the different Ω's required to fit the density field derived from optically selected and IRAS (60μ) selected galaxy samples.

Are we falling into the Virgo Cluster?

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Visvanathan
Keyword(s):  
Hubble Constant ◽  
Virgo Cluster ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Distant Galaxies ◽  
Induced Motion ◽  
Density Perturbations ◽  
Peculiar Motion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Universe

One of the important discoveries of astronomy is that the Universe expands: distant galaxies have large recession velocities in direct proportion to their distances. Attempts to determine a global value for the constant of proportionality between the velocity and the distance (Hubble constant) are met with difficulties by the presence of peculiar, random and streaming motions in the local region. These peculiar motions are either of primordial origin or the effect of density perturbations. These affect the mean velocity of the nearby groups in the level of 50-100 km/sec (Tammann, Sandage and Yahil 1980). However, the expected peculiar gravitationally induced motion of the Local Group towards the Virgo cluster, could be large due to the high density contrast in that direction (Sciama 1967; de Vaucouleurs and Peters 1968; Sandage, Tammann and Hardy 1972; Jones 1976). This infall motion could be as high as 500 km/sec if the anisotropy of the microwave background is interpreted to have a component of our peculiar motion towards the Virgo cluster (Peebles 1971, Boughn, Cheng and Wilkinson 1981; Gorenstein and Smoot 1981).

scholarly journals What do planetary nebulae and H II regions reveal about the chemical evolution of nearby dwarf galaxies?

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (S344) ◽  
pp. 161-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise R. Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Evolution ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Planetary Nebulae ◽  
H Ii Regions ◽  
Chemical Abundances ◽  
Local Universe ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Nearby Galaxies ◽  
H Ii Region ◽  
Age Range

AbstractThe Local Group contains a great number of dwarf irregulars and spheroidals, for which the spectroscopy of individual stars can be obtained. Thus, the chemical evolution of these galaxies can be traced, with the only need of finding populations spanning a large age range and such that we can accurately derive the composition. Planetary nebulae (PNe) are old- and intermediate-age star remnants and their chemical abundances can be obtained up to 3-4 Mpc. H ii regions, which are brighter and much easily detected, represent galaxies young content. PNe and H ii regions share similar spectroscopic features and are analysed in the same way. Both are among the best tracers of the chemical evolution allowing to draw the chemical time line of nearby galaxies. The focus in this review are the PN and H ii region populations as constraints to the chemical evolution models and the mass-metallicity relation of the local universe.

scholarly journals THE NEXT GENERATION VIRGO CLUSTER SURVEY. VII. THE INTRINSIC SHAPES OF LOW-LUMINOSITY GALAXIES IN THE CORE OF THE VIRGO CLUSTER, AND A COMPARISON WITH THE LOCAL GROUP

2016 ◽  
Vol 820 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Sánchez-Janssen ◽  
Laura Ferrarese ◽  
Lauren A. MacArthur ◽  
Patrick Côté ◽  
John P. Blakeslee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Group ◽  
Virgo Cluster ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Cluster Survey ◽  
The Core

Stellar content of nearby galaxies. III - The local group spiral galaxy M33

1990 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine D. Wilson ◽  
Barry F. Madore ◽  
Wendy L. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Spiral Galaxy ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Stellar Content ◽  
Nearby Galaxies
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