Erratum: Root Mean Square Fluctuation of a Weak Magnetic Field in an Infinite Medium of Homogeneous Stationary Turbulence

1972 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Low
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Weak Magnetic Field ◽  
Infinite Medium ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Root Mean Square Fluctuation ◽  
Stationary Turbulence ◽  
Mean Square Fluctuation

A consequence of the zero fourth cumulant approximation

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward E. O'Brien ◽  
George C. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Numerical Computation ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Isotropic Turbulence ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Passive Scalar ◽  
Turbulent Energy ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Stationary Turbulence

Recent investigations by Kraichnan (1961) and Ogura (1961) have raised doubts concerning the usefulness of the zero fourth cumulant approximation in turbulence dynamics. It appears extremely tedious to examine, by numerical computation, the consequences of this approximation on the turbulent energy spectrum although the appropriate equations have been established by Proudman & Reid (1954) and Tatsumi (1957). It has proved possible, however, to compute numerically the sequences of an analogous assumption when applied to an isotropic passive scalar in isotropic turbulence.The result of such computation, for specific initial conditions described herein, and for stationary turbulence, is that the scalar spectrum does develop negative values after a time approximately $2 \Lambda | {\overline {(u^2)}} ^{\frac {1}{2}}$, Where Λ is a length scale typical of the energy-containing components of both the turbulent and scalar spectra and $\overline {(u^2)}^{\frac {1}{2}}$ is the root mean square turbulent velocity.

Micro Magnetic Field Sensor Based On Terfenol-D/PZT/Terfenol-D Magnetoelectric Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zheng ◽  
Dan Xie ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Tian Ling Ren ◽  
Li Tian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Magnetic Measurement ◽  
Magnetic Sensor ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensor ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Magnetoelectric Composites ◽  
New Type ◽  
Field Sensor

A new type of magnetic sensor based on magnetoelectric(ME) composites has been designed and fabricated. The ME composites has a Terfenol-D/PZT/Terfenol-D structure and its ME coefficient is 0.36 V/cm Oe at room temperture. The sensor has AC magnetic measurement ranges from 0.02 Oe to 12 Oe, reaches a sensitivity of 5×10-3 Oe and has a flat response within 15 kHz. The sensor is equipped with a pre-amplifier and an Root Mean Square(RMS) value convertor.

scholarly journals Fruit Bromelain-Derived Peptide Potentially Restrains the Attachment of SARS-CoV-2 Variants to hACE2: A Pharmacoinformatics Approach

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Trina Ekawati Tallei ◽  
Fatimawali ◽  
Ahmad Akroman Adam ◽  
Mona M. Elseehy ◽  
Ahmed M. El-Shehawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Radius Of Gyration ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
In Silico Study ◽  
Mean Square Fluctuation ◽  
Binding Residues ◽  
Binding Energy Calculations

Before entering the cell, the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. Hence, this RBD is a critical target for the development of antiviral agents. Recent studies have discovered that SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in the RBD have spread globally. The purpose of this in silico study was to determine the potential of a fruit bromelain-derived peptide. DYGAVNEVK. to inhibit the entry of various SARS-CoV-2 variants into human cells by targeting the hACE binding site within the RBD. Molecular docking analysis revealed that DYGAVNEVK interacts with several critical RBD binding residues responsible for the adhesion of the RBD to hACE2. Moreover, 100 ns MD simulations revealed stable interactions between DYGAVNEVK and RBD variants derived from the trajectory of root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), radius of gyration (Rg), and root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) analysis, as well as free binding energy calculations. Overall, our computational results indicate that DYGAVNEVK warrants further investigation as a candidate for preventing SARS-CoV-2 due to its interaction with the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

scholarly journals Hyperoxidation of Peroxiredoxin 6 Induces Alteration from Dimeric to Oligomeric State

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharifun Shahnaj ◽  
Rimpy Chowhan ◽  
Potshangbam Meetei ◽  
Pushpa Kakchingtabam ◽  
Khundrakpam Herojit Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Hydrophobic Core ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Oligomeric State ◽  
Native Page ◽  
Peroxiredoxin 6 ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidases ◽  
Mean Square Fluctuation ◽  
Calcium Independent Phospholipase A2

Peroxiredoxins(Prdx), the family of non-selenium glutathione peroxidases, are important antioxidant enzymes that defend our system from the toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). They are thiol-based peroxidases that utilize self-oxidation of their peroxidatic cysteine (Cp) group to reduce peroxides and peroxidized biomolecules. However, because of its high affinity for hydrogen peroxide this peroxidatic cysteine moiety is extremely susceptible to hyperoxidation, forming peroxidase inactive sulfinic acid (Cys-SO2H) and sulfonic acid (Cys-SO3H) derivatives. With the exception of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), hyperoxidized sulfinic forms of Prdx can be reversed to restore peroxidase activity by the ATP-dependent enzyme sulfiredoxin. Interestingly, hyperoxidized Prdx6 protein seems to have physiological significance as hyperoxidation has been reported to dramatically upregulate its calcium independent phospholipase A2 activity. Using biochemical studies and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, we investigated the roles of thermodynamic, structural and internal flexibility of Prdx6 to comprehend the structural alteration of the protein in the oxidized state. We observed the loosening of the hydrophobic core of the enzyme in its secondary and tertiary structures. These changes do not affect the internal dynamics of the protein (as indicated by root-mean-square deviation, RMSD and root mean square fluctuation, RMSF plots). Native-PAGE and dynamic light scattering experiments revealed the formation of higher oligomers of Prdx6 under hyperoxidation. Our study demonstrates that post translational modification (like hyperoxidation) in Prdx6 can result in major alterations of its multimeric status.

Comparison of Magnetic Tracking and Optical Tracking by Simultaneous Use of Two Independent Frameless Stereotactic Systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. ONS-295-ONS-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Mascott
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Magnetic System ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Optical Tracking ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Anatomic Landmarks ◽  
Optical Tracking System ◽  
Magnetic Tracking

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to compare the calculated accuracy and the true surgical accuracy of a magnetic and an optical tracking system at surgical registration and during surgery. METHODS: Two Food and Drug Administration-approved, commercially available frameless stereotactic systems were used simultaneously in 70 surgical cases. The Compass Cygnus-PFS system (Compass International, Rochester MN) uses magnetic field referencing and tracking. The StealthStation (Medtronic SNT, Louisville, CO) uses optical referencing and tracking. Registration was performed for each of the systems using adhesive fiducial markers, cranial-implanted markers, anatomic landmarks, or a combination thereof. Preoperative imaging consisted of volumetric computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or both. Calculated accuracy was given by each of the systems as the root mean square after registration. Surgical accuracy was assessed by comparing the anatomic accuracy of each system with a number of recognizable intraoperative anatomic landmarks RESULTS: Calculated accuracy (root mean square) was 1.4 ± 0.6 mm using the magnetic system and 1.4 ± 0.8 mm using the optical tracking system. In the 42 patients with implanted cranial fiducials, the calculated accuracies were 1.0 ± 0.5 mm (magnetic) and 0.9 ± 0.4 mm (optical). True surgical accuracy was considered good (3 mm or less) in both systems in 60 of 70 patients. In two patients, neither system was accurate. In eight patients, one of the two systems was considered inaccurate. Of these, the magnetic system was considered inaccurate three times and the optical system five times. CONCLUSION: Magnetic referencing and tracking was found to be comparable with optical tracking both with regard to calculated and true surgical accuracy. Interference from metal objects in the magnetic field was seen rarely.

scholarly journals Шумовые характеристики оптического отклика феррожидкостей на воздействие магнитного поля

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (15) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
А.В. Прокофьев ◽  
И.В. Плешаков ◽  
M. Shlyagin ◽  
П.М. Агрузов ◽  
Е.Е. Бибик ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Significant Enhancement ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Slow Decrease ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The noise, produced by different ferrofluidic samples under their probing by optical fiber method, investigated. It is shown that the magnetic field switching on leads to its significant enhancement, which presumably connected with fluctuations, accompanying the process of aggregates formation. The dependencies of root mean square value of the noise on the field strength and the probing light intensity are obtained. The slow decrease of the noise root mean square value after the field switching off, reflecting the field formatted aggregates relaxation, revealed.

scholarly journals Engineering the Enantioselectivity and Thermostability of a (+)-γ-Lactamase from Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans for Kinetic Resolution of Vince Lactam (2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one)

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaihua Gao ◽  
Shaozhou Zhu ◽  
Rong Huang ◽  
Hongxia Li ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Protein Engineering ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Enantiomerically Pure ◽  
Mean Square Fluctuation ◽  
Microbacterium Hydrocarbonoxydans

ABSTRACT To produce promising biocatalysts, natural enzymes often need to be engineered to increase their catalytic performance. In this study, the enantioselectivity and thermostability of a (+)-γ-lactamase from Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans as the catalyst in the kinetic resolution of Vince lactam (2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-3-one) were improved. Enantiomerically pure (−)-Vince lactam is the key synthon in the synthesis of antiviral drugs, such as carbovir and abacavir, which are used to fight against HIV and hepatitis B virus. The work was initialized by using the combinatorial active-site saturation test strategy to engineer the enantioselectivity of the enzyme. The approach resulted in two mutants, Val54Ser and Val54Leu, which catalyzed the hydrolysis of Vince lactam to give (−)-Vince lactam, with 99.2% (enantiomeric ratio [E] > 200) enantiomeric excess (ee) and 99.5% ee (E > 200), respectively. To improve the thermostability of the enzyme, 11 residues with high temperature factors (B-factors) calculated by B-FITTER or high root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) values from the molecular dynamics simulation were selected. Six mutants with increased thermostability were obtained. Finally, the mutants generated with improved enantioselectivity and mutants evolved for enhanced thermostability were combined. Several variants showing (+)-selectivity (E value > 200) and improved thermostability were observed. These engineered enzymes are good candidates to serve as enantioselective catalysts for the preparation of enantiomerically pure Vince lactam. IMPORTANCE Enzymatic kinetic resolution of the racemic Vince lactam using (+)-γ-lactamase is the most often utilized means of resolving the enantiomers for the preparation of carbocyclic nucleoside compounds. The efficiency of the native enzymes could be improved by using protein engineering methods, such as directed evolution and rational design. In our study, two properties (enantioselectivity and thermostability) of a γ-lactamase identified from Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans were tackled using a semirational design. The protein engineering was initialized by combinatorial active-site saturation test to improve the enantioselectivity. At the same time, two strategies were applied to identify mutation candidates to enhance the thermostability based on calculations from both a static (B-FITTER based on the crystal structure) and a dynamic (root mean square fluctuation [RMSF] values based on molecular dynamics simulations) way. After combining the mutants, we successfully obtained the final mutants showing better properties in both properties. The engineered (+)-lactamase could be a candidate for the preparation of (−)-Vince lactam.

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