scholarly journals Permeation in the dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel. Multi-ion occupancy but no anomalous mole-fraction effect between Ba2+ and Ca2+.

1990 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
D T Yue ◽  
E Marban
Keyword(s):  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Debye Length ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Ca Channel ◽  
Ion Permeation ◽  
Channel Conductance ◽  
Single Channel Conductance ◽  
Independent Evidence

We investigated the mechanism whereby ions cross dihydropyridine-sensitive (L-type) Ca channels in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. At the single-channel level, we found no evidence of an anomalous mole-fraction effect like that reported previously for whole-cell currents in mixtures of Ba and Ca. With the total concentration of Ba + Ca kept constant at 10 (or 110) mM, neither conductance nor absolute unitary current exhibits a paradoxical decrease when Ba and Ca are mixed, thereby weakening the evidence for a multi-ion permeation scheme. We therefore sought independent evidence to support or reject the multi-ion nature of the L-type Ca channel by measuring conductance at various permeant ion concentrations. Contrary to the predictions of models with only one binding site in the permeation pathway, single-channel conductance does not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics as Ba activity is increased over three orders of magnitude. Two-fold variation in the Debye length of permeant ion solutions has little effect on conductance, making it unlikely that local surface charge effects could account for these results. Instead, the marked deviation from Michaelis-Menten behavior was best explained by supposing that the permeation pathway contains three or more binding sites that can be occupied simultaneously. The presence of three sites helps explain both a continued rise in conductance as [Ba2+] is increased above 110 mM, and the high single-channel conductance (approximately 7 pS) with 1 mM [Ba2+] as the charge carrier; the latter feature enables the L-type channel to carry surprisingly large currents at physiological divalent cation concentrations. Thus, despite the absence of an anomalous mole-fraction effect between Ba and Ca, we suggest that the L-type Ca channel in heart cells supports ion flux by a single-file, multi-ion permeation mechanism.

Activation of ATP-sensitive K channels in heart cells by pinacidil: dependence on ATP

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (6) ◽  
pp. H2092-H2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Arena ◽  
R. S. Kass
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Channel Activity ◽  
Channel Conductance ◽  
Single Channel Conductance ◽  
Atp Binding Site ◽  
Atp Concentration ◽  
Ventricular Cells ◽  
Inside Out

We have investigated the effects of pinacidil on channel activity recorded from inside-out patches of membrane excised from guinea pig ventricular cells. If the cytosolic ATP concentration is greater than 0 but less than 500 microM, pinacidil increases the activity of a channel identified as the ATP-sensitive K channel (IKATP) by its single-channel conductance, its inhibition by ATP, and its sensitivity to glybenclamide. When ATP is greater than 3.0 mM the effects of pinacidil are inhibited. Our experiments show that pinacidil enhances the activity of IKATP in heart cells, but that the action of the drug depends on the ATP concentration of the cytosolic solutions. The results suggest that pinacidil acts indirectly, perhaps at an ATP-binding site that regulates this channel.

scholarly journals Lack of negative slope in I-V plots for BK channels at positive potentials in the absence of intracellular blockers

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Geng ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Karl L. Magleby
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Bk Channels ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Channel Conductance ◽  
Single Channel Conductance ◽  
Linear Current ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Α Subunits

Large-conductance, voltage- and Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels display near linear current–voltage (I-V) plots for voltages between −100 and +100 mV, with an increasing sublinearity for more positive potentials. As is the case for many types of channels, BK channels are blocked at positive potentials by intracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+. This fast block progressively reduces single-channel conductance with increasing voltage, giving rise to a negative slope in the I-V plots beyond about +120 mV, depending on the concentration of the blockers. In contrast to these observations of pronounced differences in the magnitudes and shapes of I-V plots in the absence and presence of intracellular blockers, Schroeder and Hansen (2007. J. Gen. Physiol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.200709802) have reported identical I-V plots in the absence and presence of blockers for BK channels, with both plots having reduced conductance and negative slopes, as expected for blockers. Schroeder and Hansen included both Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the intracellular solution rather than a single blocker, and they also studied BK channels expressed from α plus β1 subunits, whereas most previous studies used only α subunits. Although it seems unlikely that these experimental differences would account for the differences in findings between previous studies and those of Schroeder and Hansen, we repeated the experiments using BK channels comprised of α plus β1 subunits with joint application of 2.5 mM Ca2+ plus 2.5 mM Mg2+, as Schroeder and Hansen did. In contrast to the findings of Schroeder and Hansen of identical I-V plots, we found marked differences in the single-channel I-V plots in the absence and presence of blockers. Consistent with previous studies, we found near linear I-V plots in the absence of blockers and greatly reduced currents and negative slopes in the presence of blockers. Hence, studies of conductance mechanisms for BK channels should exclude intracellular Ca2+/Mg2+, as they can reduce conductance and induce negative slopes.

ATP-sensitive K(+)-selective channels of inner medullary collecting duct cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (3) ◽  
pp. F489-F496 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Sansom ◽  
T. Mougouris ◽  
S. Ono ◽  
T. D. DuBose
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Channel Conductance ◽  
Single Channel Conductance ◽  
Inner Medullary Collecting Duct ◽  
Outward Currents ◽  
Inward Currents ◽  
Excised Patches ◽  
Medullary Collecting Duct

The inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) in vivo has the capacity to either secrete or reabsorb K+. However, a selective K+ conductance has not been described previously in the IMCD. In the present study, the patch-clamp method was used to determine the presence and properties of K(+)-selective channels in the apical membrane of the inner medullary collecting duct cell line, mIMCD-3. Two types of K(+)-selective channels were observed in both cell-attached and excised patches. The most predominant K+ channel, a smaller conductance K+ channel (SK), was present in cell-attached patches with 140 mM KCl (high bath K+) but not with 135 mM NaCl plus 5 mM KCl (low bath K+) in the bathing solution. The single-channel conductance of SK was 36 pS with inward currents and 29 pS with outward currents in symmetrical 140 mM KCl. SK was insensitive to both voltage and Ca2+. However, SK was inhibited significantly by millimolar concentrations of ATP in excised patches. A second K(+)-selective channel [a larger K+ channel (BK)] displayed a single-channel conductance equal to 132 pS with inward currents and 90 pS with outward currents in symmetrical 140 mM KCl solutions. BK was intermittently activated in excised inside-out patches by Mg(2+)-ATP in concentrations from 1 to 5 mM. With complete removal of Mg2+, BK was insensitive to ATP. BK was also insensitive to potential and Ca2+ and was observed in cell-attached patches with 140 mM KCl in the bath solution. Both channels were blocked reversibly by 1 mM Ba2+ from the intracellular surface but not by external Ba2+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Basolateral potassium channels in renal proximal tubule

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. F476-F487 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sackin ◽  
L. G. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Channel Conductance ◽  
Single Channel Conductance ◽  
K Channels ◽  
Open Time ◽  
Excised Patches ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inside Out

Potassium (K+) channels in the basolateral membrane of unperfused Necturus proximal tubules were studied in both cell-attached and excised patches, after removal of the tubule basement membrane by manual dissection without collagenase. Two different K+ channels were identified on the basis of their kinetics: a short open-time K+ channel, with a mean open time less than 1 ms, and a long open-time K+ channel with a mean open time greater than 20 ms. The short open-time channel occurred more frequently than the longer channel, especially in excised patches. For inside-out excised patches with Cl- replaced by gluconate, the current-voltage relation of the short open-time K+ channel was linear over +/- 60 mV, with a K+-Na+ selectivity of 12 +/- 2 (n = 12), as calculated from the reversal potential with oppositely directed Na+ and K+ gradients. With K-Ringer in the patch pipette and Na-Ringer in the bath, the conductance of the short open-time channel was 47 +/- 2 pS (n = 15) for cell-attached patches, 26 +/- 2 pS (n = 15) for patches excised (inside out) into Na-Ringer, and 36 +/- 6 pS (n = 3) for excised patches with K-Ringer on both sides. These different conductances can be partially explained by a dependence of single-channel conductance on the K+ concentration on the interior side of the membrane. In experiments with a constant K+ gradient across excised patches, large changes in Na+ at the interior side of the membrane produced no change in single-channel conductance, arguing against a direct block of the K+ channel by Na+. Finally, the activity of the short open-time channel was voltage gated, where the mean number of open channels decreased as a linear function of basolateral membrane depolarization for potentials between -60 and 0 mV. Depolarization from -60 to -40 mV decreased the mean number of open K+ channels by 28 +/- 8% (n = 6).

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