scholarly journals THE RATE OF GROWTH OF THE DAIRY COW

1924 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336
Author(s):  
Samuel Brody ◽  
Arthur C. Ragsdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Chemical Process ◽  
Exponential Law ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Given ◽  
Cyclic Phenomena ◽  
Constant Percentage

Barring fluctuations due to the cyclic phenomena, the extrauterine course of growth in linear dimensions and in weight of the dairy cow follows an exponential law having the same form as the law representing the course of monomolecular change in chemistry. This suggests the interpretation that the general course of growth is limited by a monomolecular chemical process, and that the cyclic phenomena are due to subsidiary processes in the fundamentally exponential course of growth. The fact that growth follows or tends to follow an exponential course may be stated more simply as follows: if the unit of time is taken sufficiently large so that fluctuations due to the cyclic phenomena are balanced or eliminated, then the amount of growth made during the given unit of time at any age tends to be a constant percentage of the growth made during the preceding unit of time. Thus, the growth in height at withers made during any year is about 34 per cent of the growth made during the preceding year. Similarly the growth in weight made during any year is about 56 per cent of the growth in weight made during the preceding year. This is in accordance with expectations if it is assumed that each animal begins life with a definite endowment of limiting substance necessary for the process of growth, and that this endowment is used up at a constant rate (or percentage) of itself.

scholarly journals THE KINETICS OF SENESCENCE

1924 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Brody
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Exponential Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Constant Percentage

The course of decline of vitality with age due to the process of senescence, when not complicated by the process of growth, follows a simple exponential law; that is the degree of vitality or of senescence (defining vitality as the reciprocal of senescence) at any moment is, regardless of age, a constant percentage of the degree of vitality or senescence of the preceding moment. This exponential law is the same as the law of monomolecular change in chemistry. During the actively growing period of life the index of vitality rises, due to the process of growth and the course of vitality in the case when the growing period is included in the vitality curve, follows a rising and falling course. This rising and falling course may often be represented by an equation containing two exponential terms which is practically the equation used to represent the course of accumulation and disappearance of a substance as the result of two simultaneous consecutive monomolecular chemical reactions.

scholarly journals THE RATE OF SENESCENCE OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL AS MEASURED BY THE DECLINE IN EGG PRODUCTION WITH AGE

1923 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Brody ◽  
Earl W. Henderson ◽  
H. L. Kempster
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Physicochemical Process ◽  
Exponential Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Constant Percentage

Data are presented showing that the course of decline of egg production with age in the domestic fowl from the time laying begins up to and including 8 years follows an exponential law, that is, each year's egg production is a constant percentage of the preceding year's production (88 per cent in the group of fowl studied). Since the exponential law is the same as the law of monomolecular change in chemistry, and since the course of egg production with age may be taken as an index of the course of senescence of organs, or tissues limiting egg production, it is suggested that this exponential law of egg production substantiates the idea that senescence is a physicochemical process the course of which is limited by a chemical reaction. It is shown that the exhaustion of the oocytes is not likely to be the factor limiting the course of egg production.

Developing and Applying the Law of Cosines

2020 ◽  
pp. 274-288
Author(s):  
Vecihi S. Zambak ◽  
Budi Mulyono
Keyword(s):  
Instructional Technology ◽  
Ninth Grade ◽  
Steam Education ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Of Cosines ◽  
Ninth Grade Students ◽  
Space Sciences ◽  
The Given ◽  
Support Students

In history, geometry was founded more as a practical endeavor than a theoretical one. Early developments of the branch portray philosophers' attempts to make sense of their surroundings, including the measurement of distances on earth and in space. Such a link between earth and space sciences and geometry motivated us to develop and implement a multidisciplinary lesson focusing on the conceptual understanding of the law of cosines in the context of astronomy. In our content specific STEAM lesson, the authors aimed to facilitate an understanding of the law of cosines in ninth grade students, and then apply the law in a star map task to find approximate distances between stars. The second part of the lesson also included the use of an instructional technology to support students' work with the star map task. In the conclusion, the authors discuss possible ways to improve the quality of their STEAM education efforts for the given context.

Integration of one-dimensional equations of motions

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Gleb L. Kotkin ◽  
Valeriy G. Serbo
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Field Change ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
System A ◽  
Small Correction ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One ◽  
The Given ◽  
Equations Of Motions

If the potential energy is independent of time, the energy of the system remains constant during the motion of a closed system. A system with one degree of freedom allows for the determination of the law of motion in quadrature. In this chapter, the authors consider motion of the particles in the one-dimensional fields. They discuss also how the law and the period of a particle moving in the potential field change due to adding to the given field a small correction.

11. Mixed topic questions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Spencer ◽  
John Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Redundant Information ◽  
Single Issue ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Flow Charts ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Given

The Concentrate Questions and Answers series offers the best preparation for tackling exam questions. Each book includes typical questions, bullet-pointed answer plans and suggested answers, author commentary and diagrams and flow charts. This chapter describes how examination questions frequently cover several issues. It is impossible to cover each area in the same depth as single-issue questions so it is important to take time listing matters that raise points of law, then specifying the appropriate statute or case law, and finally applying the law to the given facts. A well-crafted question will not contain redundant information, so be prepared to comment on all parts of it. These questions do not ask for an evaluation or criticism of the law as it is, but for identification of legal issues in the narrative given and application of the law to each. It may be appropriate to refer to academic commentary, particularly in new areas of law.

scholarly journals THE RATE OF GROWTH OF THE DAIRY COW

1921 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Brody ◽  
Arthur C. Ragsdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Monomolecular Reaction ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

The growth period of the Jersey and Holstein cows is made up of at least three cycles, two extrauterine cycles with maxima at about 5 and 20 months of age, and one intrauterine cycle, the maximum of which has not yet been determined. The equation of an autocatalytic monomolecular reaction was found to give very good results when applied to the cycle having its maximum at about 5 months of age. The values obtained from this equation when applied to the cycle having the maximum at about 20 months of age were higher than the observed values probably due to the retarding effect of pregnancy and lactation on growth.

scholarly journals Arbitration clause for an arbitral tribunal in Poland based on Art. 33 CMR Convention

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Rafał Adamus
Keyword(s):  
Complex Nature ◽  
Practical Reasons ◽  
Arbitral Tribunal ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Arbitration Clause ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Uniform Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Given

In matters that are subject to the CMR Convention, under the rule of Art. 33 of this Convention, the arbitration court is obliged, first, to apply the CMR Convention and it is not permissible to apply, in place of the scope of the CMR Convention, another legal order or extra-legal principles. Secondly, as far as it results from the CMR Convention, the arbitration court should apply the applicable national law. Thirdly, the arbitration court settles the dispute according to the law applicable to a given relationship, and when the parties have expressly authorized it – in compliance with general principles of law or principles of equity. Fourthly, the arbitral tribunal takes into consideration the provisions of the contract and the established habits applicable to the given legal relationship. The arbitration agreement regarding the dispute subject to the CMR Convention will therefore be of a complex nature due to the requirement of Art. 33 of the CMR Convention as to the indication that a uniform law applies in arbitration proceedings – the subject of inter-city agreement. The parties should indicate the following in the content of the arbitration clause: 1) obligatory CMR convention, as required by Art. 33 CMR Convention 2) optional national law to which the CMR Convention refers, and in the absence of such an indication, the arbitration court will apply the law applicable to a given legal relationship, and possibly another national law to which the CMR Convention does not refer, although such a solution would be a source of many complications or general legal principles or rules of equity. For practical reasons, it is worth taking into account other issues, such as the language of the proceedings, in the arbitration clause.

scholarly journals Instruments for ensuring payments within the deadlines in the law on obligations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Nikolova-Marković ◽  
Nikola Mitić
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
Business Conditions ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Given ◽  
Legal Entities

In this scientific paper, an analysis of the instruments for ensuring payments within the given deadlines in commercial transactions provided in the Law on Obligations has been performed. During the research and development of the scientific paper, the methods of analysis and the inductive-deductive method were used. Debt arrears as a legal institute is known as far back as Roman law. The Law on Obligations precisely defined the debt arrears. Pursuant to the provisions of the Law on Obligations, the debtor is late when he does not fulfill the obligation within the deadline set for fulfillment. Business conditions in our economy where many legal entities are insolvent and exceed the set deadlines for fulfilling obligations, have imposed the need for a precise legal regulation of instruments for improving the execution of payments within the given deadlines in commercial transactions between legal entities. The Law on Obligations provides instruments to improve the execution of payments in commercial transactions, which are used as additional instruments to the Law on Deadlines for Settlement of Monetary Obligations in Commercial Transactions.

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