scholarly journals Light Metabolism and Chloroplast Structure in Chlorophyll-Deficient Tobacco Mutants

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg H. Schmid ◽  
Hans Gaffron
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Incident Intensity ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Normal Green ◽  
Yellow Pigments

In tobacco mutants which contain ⅛ to 1/30 of the normal chlorophyll content per leaf area the content of yellow pigments (carotenoids) is also diminished but less in proportion to the chlorophyll content. The pale yellow-green mutant grows and matures provided that light intensity and temperature make up for the chlorophyll deficiency. In most green plants and algae light saturation of photosynthesis is reached between 5000 and 12,000 ergs/sec·cm2. The mutants continue to give higher photosynthetic rates until the incident intensity reaches 50,000 ergs/sec·cm2. While often unable to compensate their respiration at intensities at which the normal green plant approaches saturation, the pale yellow-green leaves are able to provide the mutant plant with two to three times the absolute amount of carbon dioxide assimilation per hour and leaf area at 50,000 ergs/sec·cm2 and 20° to 25°C. These observations are valid for red light λ > 600 mµ. In blue light λ < 575 mµ (below saturation levels) the mutants separate into two classes, one in which absorption by some carotenoid enhances the photosynthetic rate and the other in which the absorbing pigments are inactive and therefore depress the rate strongly. The unusual kinetics of photosynthesis in these chlorophyll-deficient tobacco mutants is reflected in the structure of their chloroplasts which we found to be of a kind thus far not described for healthy, normally growing, higher plants.

scholarly journals Photochemical activity of chloroplasts of isogenic lines (E genes) of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) under different periods of red-light irradiation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Glycine Max L

The effect of different periods of red-light (RL, 660 nm) irradiation of plants on the biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll content, level of the Hill reaction and photophosphorylation in short-day (SD) and photoperiodical neutral (PhPN) lines of soybean have been studied in vegetation experiments. The objects of study were the isogenic lines (E genes) of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), Clark variety. The SD (E1E2E3) and PhPN lines (e1e2e3) were used. The plants were grown in a vegetation chamber in the soil culture (black soil). Plants of SD and PhPN lines were grown in 9 vessels of three liters volume. 10–12 plants were grown in each vessel. The constant growing conditions were provided during the experiment: temperature – 20–24/17–20°С (day/night), soil moisture – 60–70 % of the total soil moisture content, intensity of illumination – 20 klx, photoperiod duration – 10 hours. After 4–5 weeks of vegetation (after the second true leaf formation), plants of each line in three vessels were irradiated for 30 minutes with low intensity red light at the beginning (experiment 1) or in the middle of the dark period (experiment 2). The light diodes emitting in the region of 630±10 nm were used for plant irradiation. Other plants in three vessels of each line, which were not illuminated by the red light, were used as a control group. It was shown that under the short day the SD line in the control group passed to flowering 43±1.8 days after germination and PhPN line – 44±2.2 days after germination. The red-light irradiation, both before the beginning and in the middle of night, caused a delay of the transition to flowering in the SD line by 5±1 and 7±2.2 days, respectively. In the PhPN line, changing flowering period due to RL was not established. In the SD line, activation of the phytochromes by RL before the dark period caused an increase of the biomass, leaf area, total chlorophyll content, reduction of potassium ferrocyanide and photophosphorylation by isolated chloroplasts per chlorophyll of one leaf. While interruption of the night by RL caused decrease of these parameters and Hill reaction intensity per 1 mg of chlorophyll. The effect of RL on the studied parameters in the PhPN soybean line has not been detected.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SPECTRAL FILTERS ON GROWTH OF DENDRANTHEMA GRANDIFLORA (TZELEV.)

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1144b-1144
Author(s):  
M.J. McMahon ◽  
J.W. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Dendranthema Grandiflora ◽  
Spectral Filters ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Red Dye

`Spears' (nonpinched and pinched) and `Yellow Mandalay' (pinched) chrysanthemums were grown in growth chambers equipped with clear, double-walled polycarbonate panels filled with liquids that served as spectral filters. A blue dye raised FR/R by filtering out a portion of red light. A solution of CuSO4 lowered FR/R by absorbing a greater portion of far-red than red light. A red dye absorbed much of the blue/green portion of the light spectrum but did not change far-red to red (FR/R) light ratio. Two controls (H2O and air) were used. FR/R values were 1.01 for blue dye, 0.34 for CuSO4, and 0.86 for air, H2O, and red dye. FR and R were measured at 725-730 and 655-660nm, respectively.All plants grown under CuSO4 filters had reduced height, reduced internode length, and increased chlorophyll content compared to controls. Red dye filtered pinched plants had decreased chlorophyll compared to controls.Pinched plants grown under CuSO4 filters and long days developed fewer nodes than controls due to the formation of abnormal capitula. The controls and other treatments developed more nodes before producing similar capitula. Stem diameter and leaf area of controls did not differ from blue dye, red dye, or CuSO4 filter treatments.

scholarly journals The Preferences of Different Cultivars of Lettuce Seedlings (Lactuca sativa L.) for the Spectral Composition of Light

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211
Author(s):  
Barbara Frąszczak ◽  
Monika Kula-Maximenko
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

The spectrum of light significantly influences the growth of plants cultivated in closed systems. Five lettuce cultivars with different leaf colours were grown under white light (W, 170 μmol m−2 s−1) and under white light with the addition of red (W + R) or blue light (W + B) (230 μmol m−2 s−1). The plants were grown until they reached the seedling phase (30 days). Each cultivar reacted differently to the light spectrum applied. The red-leaved cultivar exhibited the strongest plasticity in response to the spectrum. The blue light stimulated the growth of the leaf surface in all the plants. The red light negatively influenced the length of leaves in the cultivars, but it positively affected their number in red and dark-green lettuce. It also increased the relative chlorophyll content and fresh weight gain in the cultivars containing anthocyanins. When the cultivars were grown under white light, they had longer leaves and higher value of the leaf shape index. The light-green cultivars had a greater fresh weight. Both the addition of blue and red light significantly increased the relative chlorophyll content in the dark-green cultivar. The spectrum enhanced with blue light had positive influence on most of the parameters under analysis in butter lettuce cultivars. These cultivars were also characterised by the highest absorbance of blue light.

LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND SPOROPHORE FORMATION OF LENZITES TRABEA

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-530
Author(s):  
C. Madhosingh
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Vegetative Mycelium ◽  
Temperature Growth ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Brown Pigmentation ◽  
Yellow Pigments ◽  
Red Radiation

Growth, pigmentation, and sporophore formation in Lenzites trabea, a polypore fungus, are shown to be affected by differences in light and temperature. Growth occurred under all conditions provided, being greater on liquid substrate than on agar and with maximum mycelium production in continuous red light at 25 °C. Sporophores, however, were formed only under certain continuous fluorescent and red radiations on liquid substrate; and on agar at 15 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C in darkness broken by occasional brief exposures to low intensity daylight. The growth form under the red radiation and in darkness at 25 °C was similar. The form of fructification varied from poroid resupinate at 15 °C, to somewhat raised structures with larger pores at 20 °C, to an assemblage of discrete upright bodies with lacerated surface at 25 °C. Yellow-brown pigmentation was consistently associated with the fruiting areas in contrast with the predominantly fawn-yellow pigments of the vegetative mycelium. The significance of these results in comparative morphological studies is discussed.

scholarly journals N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid stimulates tomato hypocotyl elongation, elevates ethylene levels and alters metabolic homeostasis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapana Nongmaithem ◽  
Sameera Devulapalli ◽  
Yellamaraju Sreelakshmi ◽  
Rameshwar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Hypocotyl Elongation ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Species Specific

One sentence summaryN-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) treatment stimulates tomato hypocotyl elongation likely by elevating ethylene emission and lowering indole-3-butyric acid levels in the seedlings.AbstractIn higher plants, phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid is characteristically transported from the apex towards the base of the plant, termed as polar auxin transport (PAT). Among the inhibitors blocking PAT, N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) that targets ABCB transporters is most commonly used. NPA-treated light-grown Arabidopsis seedlings show severe inhibition of hypocotyl and root elongation. In light-grown tomato seedlings, NPA inhibited root growth, but contrary to Arabidopsis stimulated hypocotyl elongation. The NPA-stimulation of hypocotyl elongation was milder in blue, red, and far-red light-grown seedlings. The NPA-treatment stimulated emission of ethylene from the seedlings. The scrubbing of ethylene by mercuric perchlorate reduced NPA-stimulated hypocotyl elongation. NPA action on hypocotyl elongation was antagonized by 1-methylcyclopropene, an inhibitor of ethylene action. NPA-treated seedlings had reduced levels of indole-3-butyric acid and higher levels of zeatin in the shoots. NPA did not alter indole-3-acetic levels in shoots. The analysis of metabolic networks indicated that NPA-treatment induced moderate shifts in the networks compared to exogenous ethylene that induced a drastic shift in metabolic networks. Our results indicate that in addition to ethylene, NPA-stimulated hypocotyl elongation in tomato may also involve zeatin and indole-3-butyric acid. Our results indicate that NPA-mediated physiological responses may vary in a species-specific fashion.

scholarly journals Whole-plant Response of Six Poinsettia Cultivars to Three Fertilizer and Two Irrigation Regimes

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Schuch ◽  
Richard A. Redak ◽  
James Bethke
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Leaf N

Six cultivars of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wind.), `Angelika White', `Celebrate 2', `Freedom Red', `Lilo Red', `Red Sails', and `Supjibi Red' were grown for 9 weeks during vegetative development under three constant-feed fertilizer treatments, 80,160, or 240 mg N/liter and two irrigation regimes, well-watered (high irrigation) or water deficient (low irrigation). Plants fertilized with 80 or 240 mg N/liter were 10% to 18% shorter, while those fertilized with 160 mg N/liter were 25 % shorter with low versus high irrigation. Leaf area and leaf dry weight increased linearly in response to increasing fertilizer concentrations. Low irrigation reduced leaf area, leaf, stem, and shoot dry weight 3670 to 41%. Cultivars responded similarly to irrigation and fertilizer treatments in all components of shoot biomass production and no interactions between the main effects and cultivars occurred. Stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased with increasing fertilizer rates or sometimes with low irrigation. Highest chlorophyll contents occurred in leaves of `Lilo Red' and `Freedom Red'. Leaves of plants fertilized with 80 mg N/liter were deficient in leaf N and had 40 % to 49 % lower leaf chlorophyll content compared to plants fertilized with 160 or 240 mg N/liter. Irrigation had no effect on leaf N or chlorophyll content. At the end of the experiment leaves of `Supjibi Red' and `Angelika White' contained higher concentrations of soluble proteins than the other four cultivars.

scholarly journals Transcriptome and mebabolomic profiling: the effect of LED light quality on morphological traits, and phenylpropanoid-derived compounds accumulation in Sarcandra glabra seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejin Xie ◽  
Lingyan Chen ◽  
Chengcheng Zhou ◽  
Muhammad Waqqas Khan Tarin ◽  
Deming Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Myb Proteins ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background Sarcandra glabra is an evergreen and traditional Chinese herb, having medicinal significance as anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. Recently, China has initiated to establish cultivation of this plant in greenhouse under artificial light-emitting diodes (LED). However, little is known regarding the effects of the different LED lights on plant growth, accumulation pattern of secondary metabolites, and the molecular mechanism of Sarcandra glabra. Results Compared to white light (WL), the red light (RL) increased the height and decreased the stem diameter and leaf area, while blue light (BL) suppressed the height and leaf area. According to our transcriptome profiling, some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. We identified 46 unigenes encoding for almost all known enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, while the expression level of RNA-seq and qPCR were largely consistent. Meanwhile, we found 53 unigenes encoding R2R3-MYB proteins and 53 unigenes encoding bHLH proteins that several of them were related to flavonoids biosynthesis. Based on metabolomic profiling, a total of 454 metabolites were detected and the distribution of chemicals varied significantly. While flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins were mainly located in leaves; Organic acids, lignans and coumarins, and terpenoids were much more abundant in WG (root tissue under WL). Meanwhile, the yields of most flavonoids from BY (leaf tissue under BL) and the synthesis of primarily targeted compounds was lower than in WY (leaf tissue under WL) and RY (leaf tissue under RL). Instead, the leaves grown under RL exhibited a greater production of bioactive phytochemicals such as esculetin, fraxetin, esculin, and scopoletin. Conclusion These results provide further insight into the molecular mechanism of metabolites accumulation patterns in S. glabra under different light conditions, enabling the development of optimum breeding conditions for this plant.

Estimation of leaf area index and leaf chlorophyll content in Sporobolus densiflorus using hyperspectral measurements and PROSAIL model simulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1181-1200
Author(s):  
Estefanía Piegari ◽  
Juan I. Gossn ◽  
Francisco Grings ◽  
Verónica Barraza Bernadas ◽  
Ángela B. Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document