scholarly journals Recording of Retinal Action Potentials from Single Cells in the Insect Compound Eye

1961 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kén-Ichi Naka
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Retinula Cell ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Electrical Responses

Electrical responses were recorded intracellularly from the compound eyes of a fly (Lucilia) and of several dragonflies (Copera, Agriocnemis, and Lestes). An ommatidium of the dragonflies is made up of four retinula cells and a rhabdom composed of three rhabdomeres while the Lucilia has an ommatidium of seven independent retinula cells and rhabdomeres. The intracellular responses presumably recorded from the retinula cell had the same wave form in the two groups of insects: The responses were composed of two components or phases, a transient spike-like potential and a slow one maintained during illumination. The membrane potential, in the range of -25 to -70 mv., was influenced by the level of adaptation, and it was transiently depolarized to zero by high levels of illumination.

scholarly journals ALLOCATION OF ELECTRICAL RESPONSES FROM THE COMPOUND EYE OF GRASSHOPPERS

1942 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Louis Jahn ◽  
Verner John Wulff
Keyword(s):  
Compound Eye ◽  
Opposite Sign ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Component Theory ◽  
Complex Wave ◽  
Optic Ganglion ◽  
D Wave ◽  
Electrical Responses

1. The effect of extirpation of the optic ganglion on the ERG and on electrical oscillations recorded from the compound eye was determined. 2. Extirpation of the optic ganglion prevents the occurrence of oscillations, and it is concluded that they originate in the ganglion. 3. Extirpation of the optic ganglion changes the wave form of the ERG. The sharpness of the b-wave is decreased, the relative magnitude of the c-wave is increased, and the d-wave is obliterated. These changes can be explained by assuming that the ERG is the algebraic sum of two potential changes, one in the compound eye, and another, of opposite sign in the ganglion. This assumption is supported by data from a number of experiments in which the electrode positions were varied. 4. The explanation of the present data (which indicates two sites of origin of the ERG) is similar to the three-component theory which accounts for the complex wave form of the vertebrate ERG.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE INNERVATION OF THE TAENIA COLI

1967 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Bennett ◽  
D. C. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Taenia Coli ◽  
Permeability Changes

An electrophysiological and anatomical study of the guinea pig taenia coli is reported. Changing the membrane potential of single cells cannot modulate the rate of firing action potentials but does reveal electrical coupling between the cells during propagation. The amplitude of the junction potentials which occur during transmission from inhibitory nerves is unaffected in many cells during alteration of the membrane potential, indicating electrical coupling during transmission. The taenia coli is shown to consist of smooth muscle bundles which anastomose. There are tight junctions between the cells in the bundles, and these probably provide the pathway for the electrical coupling. The smooth muscle cells towards the serosal surface of the taenia coli are shown electrophysiologically to have an extensive intramural inhibitory innervation, but a sparse sympathetic inhibitory and cholinergic excitatory innervation. These results are in accordance with the distribution of these nerves as determined histochemically. As single axons are only rarely observed in the taenia coli, it is suggested that the only muscle cells which undergo permeability changes during transmission are those adjacent to varicosities in the nerve bundles. The remaining muscle cells then undergo potential changes during transmission because of electrical coupling through the tight junctions.

scholarly journals The Development of the Rhabdom and the Appearance of the Electrical Response in the Insect Eye

1962 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisuke Eguchi ◽  
Kén-Ichi Naka ◽  
Masutaro Kuwabara
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Photic Stimulation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Insect Eye ◽  
Electrical Responses

Electron microscopic studies on the development of the rhabdom in the compound eye of the silkworm moth and pupa (Bombyx mori) were carried out in parallel with the recording of the electrical response to photic stimulation. No electrical response to photic stimulation was recorded from the pupal compound eye which had no trace of differentiation of the rhabdom. With the differentiation of development of the rhabdom in the pupal compound eye, electrical responses could be recorded, and the amplitude of such electrical responses increased with the progress of development of the rhabdom. These observations suggest that the rhabdom is probably the site of the photochemical reaction which leads to the generation of the slow retinal action potentials.

Properties of Single Cells in Posterior Lateral Eyes of Jumping Spiders

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 156-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Hardie ◽  
P. Duelli
Keyword(s):  
Compound Eye ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Sensitivity Function ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Angular Sensitivity ◽  
Peak Wavelength ◽  
Jumping Spiders ◽  
Spectral Class ◽  
Single Lens ◽  
Polarised Light

Abstract Properties of single cells in the posterior lateral (PL) eyes of the jum ping spider Plexippus validus are described. Only one spectral class of cells was encountered and the spectra sensitivity was indistinguishable from that measured from the ERG , both peaking at ca. 535 nm. Angular sensi­ tivity (width of angular sensitivity function at the 50% level) averaged .89° ± .12°, the smallest value being .77°. Absolute sensitivity (reciprocal of the number of quanta of peak wavelength, on axis required to generate a 50% response) averaged 1.43 + 2 .5 X 1 0 -11 q-1 ,cm2·s. A ll cells studied were sensitive to the plane of polarised light. The per­ formance of receptors in the PL eyes is compared with that of receptors in the compound eyes of diurnal insects. It is concluded that the single lens eye system of spiders is in ­ herently superior in design to the insect compound eye.

scholarly journals Optical Recording of Action Potentials in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Single Cells and Monolayers Generated from Long QT Syndrome Type 1 Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Takaki ◽  
Azusa Inagaki ◽  
Kazuhisa Chonabayashi ◽  
Keiji Inoue ◽  
Kenji Miki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Long Qt ◽  
Ventricular Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from type 1 long QT (LQT1) patients can differentiate into cardiomyocytes (CMs) including ventricular cells to recapitulate the disease phenotype. Although optical recordings using membrane potential dyes to monitor action potentials (APs) were reported, no study has investigated the disease phenotypes of cardiac channelopathy in association with the cardiac subtype at the single-cell level. We induced iPSC-CMs from three control and three LQT1 patients. Single-cell analysis using a fast-responding dye confirmed that ventricular cells were the dominant subtype (control-iPSC-CMs: 98%, 88%, 91%; LQT1-iPSC-CMs: 95%, 79%, 92%). In addition, LQT1-iPSC-ventricular cells displayed an increased frequency of early afterdepolarizations (pvalue=0.031). Cardiomyocyte monolayers constituted mostly of ventricular cells derived from LQT1-iPSCs showed prolonged AP duration (APD) (pvalue=0.000096). High-throughput assays using cardiomyocyte monolayers in 96-well plates demonstrated that IKr inhibitors prolonged APDs in both control- and LQT1-iPSC-CM monolayers. We confirmed that the optical recordings of APs in single cells and monolayers derived from control- and LQT1-iPSC-CMs can be used to assess arrhythmogenicity, supporting the feasibility of membrane potential dye-based high-throughput screening to study ventricular arrhythmias caused by genetic channelopathy or cardiotoxic drugs.

scholarly journals Spike Potentials Recorded from the Insect Photoreceptor

1962 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kén-Ichi Naka ◽  
Eisuke Eguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Retinula Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Soma Membrane ◽  
Proximal Process ◽  
Receptor Layer

Slow and spike potentials were recorded from single cells in the receptor layer of the compound eye of the drone of the honeybee. From electron microscopic observation of the drone ommatidium, it was concluded that the response had been recorded from the retinula cell. The following hypothesis is suggested for the initiation of spike potentials in the drone compound eye: Photic stimulation results in a decrease in the resistance of all or part of the retinula cell membrane, giving rise to the retinal action potential. The retinal action potential causes outflow of the current through the proximal process of the cell. This depolarizing current initiates spike potentials in the proximal process or axon of the retinula cell which are recorded across the soma membrane of the retinula cell.

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

New Molecular Scaffolds for Fluorescent Voltage Indicators

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Boggess ◽  
Shivaani Gandhi ◽  
Brian Siemons ◽  
Nathaniel Huebsch ◽  
Kevin Healy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Molecular Wire ◽  
Voltage Sensing ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Cardiac Action ◽  
Action Potential Waveform ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Voltage Sensing Domain

<div> <p>The ability to non-invasively monitor membrane potential dynamics in excitable cells like neurons and cardiomyocytes promises to revolutionize our understanding of the physiology and pathology of the brain and heart. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and application of a new class of fluorescent voltage indicator that makes use of a fluorene-based molecular wire as a voltage sensing domain to provide fast and sensitive measurements of membrane potential in both mammalian neurons and human-derived cardiomyocytes. We show that the best of the new probes, fluorene VoltageFluor 2 (fVF 2) readily reports on action potentials in mammalian neurons, detects perturbations to cardiac action potential waveform in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes, shows a substantial decrease in phototoxicity compared to existing molecular wire-based indicators, and can monitor cardiac action potentials for extended periods of time. Together, our results demonstrate the generalizability of a molecular wire approach to voltage sensing and highlights the utility of fVF 2 for interrogating membrane potential dynamics.</p> </div>

scholarly journals Stochastic Spatial Heterogeneity in Activities of H+-ATP-ases in Electrically Connected Plant Cells Decreases Threshold for Cooling-Induced Electrical Responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8254
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Sukhova ◽  
Daria Ratnitsyna ◽  
Vladimir Sukhov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Excitable Cells ◽  
Molecular Transporters ◽  
Positive Shift ◽  
Stochastic Heterogeneity ◽  
Electrical Responses

H+-ATP-ases, which support proton efflux through the plasma membrane, are key molecular transporters for electrogenesis in cells of higher plants. Initial activities of the transporters can influence the thresholds of generation of electrical responses induced by stressors and modify other parameters of these responses. Previously, it was theoretically shown that the stochastic heterogeneity of individual cell thresholds for electrical responses in a system of electrically connected neuronal cells can decrease the total threshold of the system (“diversity-induced resonance”, DIR). In the current work, we tested a hypothesis about decreasing the thresholds of generation of cooling-induced electrical responses in a system of electrically connected plant cells with increasing stochastic spatial heterogeny in the initial activities of H+-ATP-ases in these cells. A two-dimensional model of the system of electrically connected excitable cells (simple imitation of plant leaf), which was based on a model previously developed in our works, was used for the present investigation. Simulation showed that increasing dispersion in the distribution of initial activities of H+-ATP-ases between cells decreased the thresholds of generation of cooling-induced electrical responses. In addition, the increasing weakly influenced the amplitudes of electrical responses. Additional analysis showed two different mechanisms of the revealed effect. The increasing spatial heterogeneity in activities of H+-ATP-ases induced a weak positive shift of the membrane potential at rest. The shift decreased the threshold of electrical response generation. However, the decreased threshold induced by increasing the H+-ATP-ase activity heterogeneity was also observed after the elimination of the positive shift. The result showed that the “DIR-like” mechanism also participated in the revealed effect. Finally, we showed that the standard deviation of the membrane potentials before the induction of action potentials could be used for the estimation of thresholds of cooling-induced plant electrical responses. Thus, spatial heterogeneity in the initial activities of H+-ATP-ases can be a new regulatory mechanism influencing the generation of electrical responses in plants under actions of stressors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document