scholarly journals THE SECRETION OF INERT GAS INTO THE SWIM-BLADDER OF FISH

1958 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Pure Nitrogen ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Oxygen Gas

The composition of the gas mixture secreted into the swim-bladders of several species of fish has been determined in the mass spectrometer. The secreted gas differed greatly from the gas mixture breathed by the fish in the relative proportions of the chemically inert gases, argon, neon, helium, and nitrogen. Relative to nitrogen the proportion of the very soluble argon was increased and the proportions of the much less soluble neon and helium decreased. The composition of the secreted gas approaches the composition of the gas mixture dissolved in the tissue fluid. A theory of inert gas secretion is proposed. It is suggested that oxygen gas is actively secreted and evolved in the form of minute bubbles, that inert gases diffuse into these bubbles, and that the bubbles are passed into the swim-bladder carrying with them inert gases. Coupled to a preferential reabsorption of oxygen from the swim-bladder this mechanism can achieve high tensions of inert gas in the swim-bladder. The accumulation of nearly pure nitrogen in the swim-bladder of goldfish (Carassius auratus) is accomplished by the secretion of an oxygen-rich gas mixture followed by the reabsorption of oxygen.

Involvement of apolipoprotein A in maintaining tissue fluid balance in goldfish Carassius auratus

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1717-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla M. Andreeva ◽  
Alexey S. Vasiliev ◽  
Ilya Yu. Toropygin ◽  
Darina V. Garina ◽  
Nina Lamash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Apolipoprotein A

Sequential V˙a/Q˙ distributions in the normal rabbit by micropore membrane inlet mass spectrometry

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1699-1708 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Baumgardner ◽  
In-Cheol Choi ◽  
Anton Vonk-Noordegraaf ◽  
H. Frederick Frasch ◽  
Gordon R. Neufeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sample ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Regression Techniques

We developed micropore membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MMIMS) probes to rapidly measure inert-gas partial pressures in small blood samples. The mass spectrometer output was linearly related to inert-gas partial pressure ( r 2 of 0.996–1.000) and was nearly independent of large variations in inert-gas solubility in liquid samples. We infused six inert gases into five pentobarbital-anesthetized New Zealand rabbits and used the MMIMS system to measure inert-gas partial pressures in systemic and pulmonary arterial blood and in mixed expired gas samples. The retention and excretion data were transformed into distributions of ventilation-to-perfusion ratios (V˙a/Q˙) with the use of linear regression techniques. Distributions ofV˙a/Q˙ were unimodal and broad, consistent with prior reports in the normal rabbit. Total blood sample volume for eachV˙a/Q˙ distribution was 4 ml, and analysis time was 8 min. MMIMS provides a convenient method to perform the multiple inert-gas elimination technique rapidly and with small blood sample volumes.

Acoustic Stimulation of the Ear of the Goldfish (Carassius Auratus)

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD R. FAY ◽  
ARTHUR N. POPPER
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Pressure Sensitivity ◽  
Particle Displacement ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Peripheral Auditory System ◽  
Direct Vibration ◽  
Stimulation Of

Microphonic potentials were recorded from the ears of the goldfish during acoustic stimulation in a situation where sound pressure and particle displacement could be varied. Microphonic potentials from fishes with the swim bladder intact were proportional to sound pressure. After removal of the swim bladder, sound pressure sensitivity declined by 20-35 dB and the response was generated in proportion to particle displacement. The ear's sensitivity to direct vibration of the head increases at between -3 and -6 dB/octave between 70 and 1500 Hz and is not affected by the removal of the swim bladder. It is concluded that the peripheral auditory system of the goldfish may function as a pressure detector or as a displacement detector, depending upon the impedance of the applied signal.

The distribution and tissue retention of mercury-203 in the goldfish (Carassius auratus)

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Weisbart
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Constant Rate

Goldfish injected intraperitoneally with 203Hg(NO3)2 lost mercury at an apparent constant rate resulting in a biological half-life of 568 h. Correlated with this loss was a linear increase in the amount of mercury in the water.The mercury-203 content in the tissues displayed four different responses.(1) Gall bladder, gonad, and spleen tissues showed no significant regressions.(2) Eye, kidney, and intestinal tissue manifested significant losses of mercury, but the rate of loss was not significantly different from that of the body as a whole.(3) Gill, heart, skin, and swim bladder tissues lost mercury at rates faster than the body as a whole.(4) Brain, liver, muscle, and head kidney tissues showed no significant losses of mercury.

Ventilation-perfusion ratio distributions by mass spectrometry with membrane catheters

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 770-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Mastenbrook ◽  
J. A. Dempsey ◽  
T. A. Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Rubber Membrane ◽  
Mass Spectrometer System ◽  
Phase Calibration ◽  
Spectrometer System ◽  
Ventilation Perfusion Ratio

We previously developed a quadrupole mass spectrometer system for measuring gas phase concentrations of multiple inert gases at trace levels. A new inlet with two silicone rubber membrane catheters now allows quantitative analysis of the inert gas concentrations in both blood and gas phase samples. We have determined the sensitivity, linearity, and reproducibility of this system by measuring blood-to-gas phase calibration curves for the following inert gases: sulfur hexafluoride, krypton, Freon 12, enflurane, diethyl ether, and acetone. We have used our mass spectrometer system to obtain multiple inert gas elimination data from three anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs. We conclude that our dual-membrane mass spectrometer system provides useful measurements of trace multiple inert gas concentrations in both blood and gas phase samples. Furthermore, the inert gases in blood can be measured directly without having to extract them into a gas phase, and the multiple inert gas elimination data acquired with our system can be used to provide estimates of ventilation-perfusion ratio distributions. Our mass spectrometer technique provides an alternative to the gas chromatographic approach for these measurements.

scholarly journals Description of the Case of a Swim Bladder Torsion in Goldfish (Carassius auratus, Linnaeus 1758)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Garcês ◽  
Luís Sousa ◽  
Roberto Sargo ◽  
Filipe Silva ◽  
Isabel Pires
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus

SEM of Hepatocytes and Biliary Passages in Goldfish Liver

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
Waykin Nopanitaya ◽  
Joe W. Grisham ◽  
Johnny L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biliary System ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Commercial Fish Food

An interesting feature of the goldfish liver is the morphology of the hepatic plate, which is always formed by a two-cell layer of hepatocytes. Hepatic plates of the goldfish liver contain an infrequently seen second type of cell, in the centers of plates between two hepatocytes. A TEH study by Yamamoto (1) demonstrated ultrastructural differences between hepatocytes and centrally located cells in hepatic plates; the latter were classified as ductule cells of the biliary system. None of the previous studies clearly showed a three-dimensional organization of the two cell types described. In the present investigation we utilize SEM to elucidate the arrangement of hepatocytes and bile ductular cells in intralobular plates of goldfish liver.Livers from young goldfish (Carassius auratus), about 6-10 cm, fed commercial fish food were used for this study. Hepatic samples were fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde, cut into pieces, fractured, osmicated, CPD, mounted Au-Pd coated, and viewed by SEM at 17-20 kV. Our observations were confined to the ultrastructure of biliary passages within intralobular plates, ductule cells, and hepatocytes.

Induction of Gynogenesis and Androgenesis in Goldfish Carassius auratus (var. oranda)

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Paschos ◽  
L Natsis ◽  
C Nathanailides ◽  
I Kagalou ◽  
E Kolettas
Keyword(s):  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus
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