scholarly journals RADIOAUTOGRAPHIC VISUALIZATION OF SULFUR-35 DISPOSITION IN THE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE AND BONE OF SUCKLING RATS FOLLOWING INJECTION OF LABELED SODIUM SULFATE

1951 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic D. Dziewiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Epiphyseal Cartilage ◽  
Barium Hydroxide ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Tracer Isotope ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
And Cartilage

The localization of sulfur-35 administered intraperitoneally as sodium sulfate to 7-day-old rats was determined by radioautography of sections of humeri and tibia-knee-femur combinations removed 24, 48, 96, 216, and 290 hours after injection of this isotope. Radioautography of sections of bone and cartilage that had been fixed in formalin indicated that the tracer isotope was present throughout the entire epiphysis. Its concentration therein was highest initially at the epiphyseal-diaphyseal junction where the more mature cartilage cells were present. By the 96th hour post injection the sulfur-35 had become more uniformly distributed in the epiphyses and an even distribution of it throughout the epiphyseal cartilage was almost attained by the 216th hour post injection. As centers of secondary ossification arose in the epiphyseal cartilage, the sulfur-35 appeared to diminish in concentration and disappear from these loci. However, radioautographs of cartilage fixed in formalin saturated with barium hydroxide, instead of in formalin only, disclosed the fact that the tracer isotope was still present in these loci. When bone and bone marrow were fixed in formalin the autographs indicated the presence of sulfur-35 primarily in the periosteum. Only a negligible amount appeared to be present in the bone shaft and marrow. However, when these tissues were fixed in formalin saturated with barium hydroxide it was possible to demonstrate the presence of the tracer isotope in both bone and bone marrow.

scholarly journals RADIOAUTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF SULFATE-SULFUR (S35) METABOLISM IN THE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE AND BONE OF SUCKLING RATS

1952 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic D. Dziewiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Barium Salt ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Barium Ions ◽  
Sulfate Sulfur ◽  
Old Rats

Fifteen minutes after intraperitoneal injection of sulfur-35 as sodium sulfate to 7-day-old rats the concentration of the isotope was highest in the cartilage at the epiphyseal-diaphyseal junction of long bones but was demonstrable throughout the entire epiphysis. Up to the 24th hour the pattern of deposition did not change as the concentration continued to increase. As centers of secondary ossification developed, there occurred in them an increased concentration of some form of sulfur, insoluble as the barium salt. This sulfur was probably derived from the cartilage which the center of secondary ossification replaced. Up to about the 30th minute after injection the sulfur-35 was deposited transitorily in a high concentration in discrete loci of the bone marrow. Excluding this transitory deposition, the highest concentration of the radioisotope in the bone marrow was seen in the specimens removed 24 hours after administration. In the bone shaft the sulfur-35, in a form which was insoluble in an alkaline solution of barium ions, was deposited diffusely up to the 24th hour after its administration. Thereafter, the radioisotope decreased in concentration in the middle portion of the bone shaft. However, the concentration of a similarly characterized sulfur-35-bearing component in the ends of the diaphysis continued to increase up to at least the 96th hour after injection.

scholarly journals Amelogenin expression in long bone and cartilage cells and in bone marrow progenitor cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 290 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Haze ◽  
Angela L. Taylor ◽  
Anat Blumenfeld ◽  
Eli Rosenfeld ◽  
Yoav Leiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Progenitor ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
And Cartilage

scholarly journals Immunochemical and biochemical comparisons between embryonic chick bone marrow and epiphyseal cartilage chondroitin/dermatan sulphate proteoglycans

1988 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
J.M. Sorrell ◽  
F. Mahmoodian ◽  
B. Caterson
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Buoyant Density ◽  
Epiphyseal Cartilage ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Dermatan Sulphate ◽  
Keratan Sulphate ◽  
Density Fractions ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
Cartilage Proteoglycans ◽  
And Cartilage

Chrondroitin sulphate proteoglycans obtained from embryonic chick bone marrow and epiphyseal cartilage were compared using immunochemical and biochemical analyses. Proteoglycans from each tissue, separated on CsCl density gradients, under dissociative conditions, into high (1.6 g ml-1), medium (1.5 g ml-1) and low (1.4 g ml-1) buoyant density fractions, were immunochemically analysed, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize chondroitin 4-/dermatan sulphates, chondroitin 6-sulphate, keratan sulphate, the hyaluronate binding region present on connective tissue proteoglycans, and link protein. The same antibodies were used in Western blot analyses to detect intact proteoglycan monomers and core proteins that had been fractionated by agarose-polyacrylamide and by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Specific differences between marrow and cartilage proteoglycans were detected. In CsCl gradients, marrow proteoglycans displayed a higher degree of heterogeneity in terms of buoyant densities and hexuronate distribution. Keratan sulphate chains were constituents of the majority of ‘large’ proteoglycans in the marrow; however, a portion of the large proteoglycans in marrow middle buoyant density fraction either lacked keratan sulphate chains or were substituted with a form different from that found on cartilage proteoglycans. Marrow lacked ‘small’ chondroitin/dermatan sulphate proteoglycans that were present in cartilage and contained a more heterogeneous population of proteoglycans, particularly in the lower buoyant density fractions. Both marrow and cartilage were similar in that they contained, as their major components, large, aggregating proteoglycans and link proteins that were immunochemically and biochemically identical. The significance of these differences between marrow and cartilage proteoglycans remains to be determined, but they may, in part, be responsible for imparting unique characteristics to the haematopoietic extracellular matrices.

Effects of Short Term Ether and Pentobarbital Anesthesia on Bone and Cartilage Metabolism

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Simmons ◽  
P. A. Lesker
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Epiphyseal Cartilage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Cartilage Metabolism ◽  
And Cartilage

The effects of stress due to brief (4–5 min) ether and pentobarbital anesthesia vs. decapitation on assays of seven enzymes in homogenates of synovium, articular and epiphyseal cartilage, and metaphyseal and cortical bone were compared. Etherization caused twofold changes in synovial and articular cartilage G-6-PDH, LDH, CPK, glutamic DH, and ICDH based on tissue dry weight and DNA content. Pentobarbital anesthesia produced only slightly lower activities, per gram DNA, of LDH, acid phosphatase, and glutamic-DH in cortical bone. Epiphyseal cartilage metabolism was unaffected by either mode of anesthesia. No differences could be detected between the levels of enzyme activities of the several tissues taken from rats that had been decapitated or anesthetized with pentobarbital. The changes in enzyme activities suggested that pentobarbital was non-stressful and appropriate to metabolic studies in the skeleton.

Calcium-Suppressed Technique in Dual-Layer Detector Computed Tomography to Evaluate Knee Articular Cartilage

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinglin Meng ◽  
Mengqi Liu ◽  
Weiwei Deng ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Botao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Bone Marrow Edema ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Infrapatellar Fat Pad ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Knee Cartilage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Marrow Edema

Background: Calcium-suppressed (CaSupp) technique involving spectral-based images has been used to observe bone marrow edema by removing calcium components from the image. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knee articular cartilage using the CaSupp technique in dual-layer detector computed tomography (DLCT). Methods: Twenty-eight healthy participants and two patients with osteoarthritis were enrolled, who underwent DLCT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. CaSupp images were reconstructed from spectral-based images using a calcium suppression algorithm and were overlaid conventional CT images for visual evaluation. The morphology of the knee cartilage was evaluated, and the thickness of the articular cartilage was measured on sagittal proton density– weighted and CaSupp images in the patellofemoral compartment. Results: No abnormal signal or density, cartilage defect, and subjacent bone ulceration were observed in the lateral and medial femorotibial compartments and the patellofemoral compartment on MRI images and CaSupp images for the 48 normal knee joints. CaSupp images could clearly identify cartilage thinning, defect, subjacent bone marrow edema, and edema of the infrapatellar fat pad in the same way as MRI images in the three knee joints with osteoarthritis. A significant difference was found in the mean thickness of the patellar cartilage between MRI images and CaSupp images, while the femoral cartilage presented no significant difference in thickness between MRI images and CaSupp images over all 48 knee joints. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that CaSupp images could effectively be used to perform the visual and quantitative assessment of knee cartilage.

Overlapping Allografts Provide Superior and More Reliable Surface Topography Matching Than Oblong Allografts: A Computer-Simulated Model Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110030
Author(s):  
Hailey P. Huddleston ◽  
Atsushi Urita ◽  
William M. Cregar ◽  
Theodore M. Wolfson ◽  
Brian J. Cole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Osteochondral Allograft ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Cartilage Surface ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Cloud Models ◽  
And Cartilage ◽  
Osteochondral Allografts

Background: Osteochondral allograft transplantation is 1 treatment option for focal articular cartilage defects of the knee. Large irregular defects, which can be treated using an oblong allograft or multiple overlapping allografts, increase the procedure’s technical complexity and may provide suboptimal cartilage and subchondral surface matching between donor grafts and recipient sites. Purpose: To quantify and compare cartilage and subchondral surface topography mismatch and cartilage step-off for oblong and overlapping allografts using a 3-dimensional simulation model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Human cadaveric medial femoral hemicondyles (n = 12) underwent computed tomography and were segmented into cartilage and bone components using 3-dimensional reconstruction and modeling software. Segments were then exported into point-cloud models. Modeled defect sizes of 17 × 30 mm were created on each recipient hemicondyle. There were 2 types of donor allografts from each condyle utilized: overlapping and oblong. Grafts were virtually harvested and implanted to optimally align with the defect to provide minimal cartilage surface topography mismatch. Least mean squares distances were used to measure cartilage and subchondral surface topography mismatch and cartilage step-off. Results: Cartilage and subchondral topography mismatch for the overlapping allograft group was 0.27 ± 0.02 mm and 0.80 ± 0.19 mm, respectively. In comparison, the oblong allograft group had significantly increased cartilage (0.62 ± 0.43 mm; P < .001) and subchondral (1.49 ± 1.10 mm; P < .001) mismatch. Cartilage step-off was also found to be significantly increased in the oblong group compared with the overlapping group ( P < .001). In addition, overlapping allografts more reliably provided a significantly higher percentage of clinically acceptable (0.5- and 1-mm thresholds) cartilage surface topography matching (overlapping: 100% for both 0.5 and 1 mm; oblong: 90% for 1 mm and 56% for 0.5 mm; P < .001) and cartilage step-off (overlapping: 100% for both 0.5 and 1 mm; oblong: 86% for 1 mm and 12% for 0.5 mm; P < .001). Conclusion: This computer simulation study demonstrated improved topography matching and decreased cartilage step-off with overlapping osteochondral allografts compared with oblong osteochondral allografts when using grafts from donors that were not matched to the recipient condyle by size or radius of curvature. These findings suggest that overlapping allografts may be superior in treating large, irregular osteochondral defects involving the femoral condyles with regard to technique. Clinical Relevance: This study suggests that overlapping allografts may provide superior articular cartilage surface topography matching compared with oblong allografts and do so in a more reliable fashion. Surgeons may consider overlapping allografts over oblong allografts because of the increased ease of topography matching during placement.

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