scholarly journals A FURTHER CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE OPSONINS

1907 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Present Form ◽  
The Body ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Adequate Idea

1. The determination of Wright's index of the opsonic content of the blood and other fluids of the body is open to serious and in part unavoidable errors and should be abandoned in its present form. 2. Conclusions based upon the determination of the opsonic content of the blood, according to Wright's method, are accordingly not uniformly reliable. 3. The percentage index is a valuable check on Wright's bacillary index, but likewise does not furnish an adequate idea of the opsonic content of the blood, unless carried out with progressive dilutions to the point of opsonic extinction. 4. The opsonins of normal blood serum are not specific. 5. The specificity of the opsonins in "immune" sera has not been satisfactorily established, but appears probable. 6. An opsonic immunity, in the sense of a continued high opsonic content of the blood does not exist. 7. In the blood and exudates of infected individuals substances may be present which exercise an inhibitory effect upon phagocytosis.

Determination of albumin content in blood serum based on the results of dynamic surface tension

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
M. S. Tsarkova ◽  
◽  
I. V. Milaeva ◽  
S. Yu. Zaytsev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Dynamic Surface Tension ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Surface ◽  
Good Convergence ◽  
Albumin Content

The blood test allows you to give an objective assessment of the state of health of animals and timely identify changes occurring in the body. To assess the content of albumins in the blood serum, the method of measuring the dynamic surface tension on the VRA-1P device, which works according to the method of maximum pressure in the bubble, was used. Based on the results of the measurements, a mathematical model was proposed, and using the regression analysis method, formulas for determining the concentration of albumins were developed, which showed good convergence with other measurement methods.

scholarly journals Validation of the TSH IRMA Kit for Determination of the TSH Levels in Human Blood Serum

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Gina Mondrida ◽  
Sutari Sutari ◽  
Triningsih Triningsih ◽  
Sri Setyowati ◽  
V. Yulianti S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Blood Serum ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Assay Precision

<p>TSH IRMA kit is a kit used for the determination of TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone) levels in human blood serum. Thyroid hormone is a hormone that our bodies need for growth of the brain, bone and other tissues and regulate the metabolism in the body.<strong> </strong>TSH normal range for adult is in the range of 0.4-4.5 mIU/L, whereas for baby is about 3.0-18.0 mIU/L. Thyroid would affect the quality of optimal growth of children if disturbed. Therefore, TSH assay in the blood needs to be determined to know whether the function of the thyroid gland works normally or not. Detection of TSH in blood can be performed by Immunoradiometricassay (IRMA) method. IRMA method is one of the immunoassay techniques based on immunological reactions (antigen-antibody binding) using radionuclide <sup>125</sup>I as a tracer, that sample in small quantity can be detected.<em> </em> IRMA method was developed locally by replacing TSH IRMA kit which is costly since imported from commercial companies. Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology (PTRR) BATAN has successfully developed the TSH IRMA kit that can be used to determine the levels of TSH in human blood. TSH IRMA kit must be validated to know the limit of detection, sensitivity, accuracy, precision and the assay parameters, such as Non-Specific Binding (NSB) and Maximum Binding (MB). Validation of TSH IRMA kit had been carried out resulting in the limit of detection of 0.115 ng/mL, accuracy with a recovery of 93.6-108.0 %, intra-assay precision (% CV) QC L = 1.9848, QC M = 3.6360 % and QC H = 2.2085 % while the inter-assay precision (% CV) QC L = 11.0055, QC M = 5.6768 %  and  QC H = 5.4181 %.  It was concluded that this TSH IRMA kit showed good performance based on the % NSB and % B/T of 0.68 and 34.64 %, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Determination of Cholesterol and Triglyceride Concentrations in Serum Extracellular Vesicles Using Commercial Kits

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e00148
Author(s):  
A.A. Yakovlev ◽  
V.D. Antonov ◽  
T.A. Druzhkova ◽  
A.B. Guekht ◽  
N.V. Gulyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Average Size

Exosomes and microvesicles, collectively referred to as small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are vesicles with an average size of about 100-150 nm. Currently, the role of sEV in various aspects of signaling in the body is being actively investigated; in addition, sEV can often serve as markers of various pathologies. The active study of the sEV composition is continuing. In this study we have demonstrated that in sEV it is possible to determine cholesterol and triglycerides concentration by using commercial kits designed for serum. The technique was tested on sEV from the blood of patients diagnosed with depression and on healthy volunteers. No differences were found in the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in mEV from the blood serum of depressed patients and the control group. The concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the samples is several times higher than the sensitivity threshold of the methods set by the manufacturer of the kits.

scholarly journals The formation of colostral immunity and its duration in calves during the first months of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
D. M. Masiuk ◽  
A. V. Kokariev ◽  
T. O. Vasilenko ◽  
K. O. Krutii
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Newborn Calves

The paper presents the results of a study on the formation of colostral immunity and the determination of its duration during the first months of life of calves according to the indications of the level of total IgG and antigen-specific antibodies to pathogens of рarainfluenza 3, respiratory syncytial infection and viral diarrhea of cattle. It has been established that blood serum of newborn calves does not contain antigen-specific immunoglobulins of class G to pathogens of viral diarrhea, respiratory syncytial infection and parainfluenza-3, and the level of total IgG is 2.2 ± 0.61 g/dm3. The concentration of total IgG is increased to 50.50 ± 6.33 g/dm3, and decreases to 27.25 ± 5.82 g/dm3 for 28 days, which contributes to the formation of the immunosuppressive state at the 7th day of a calf life. Starting from 35th day, there is an increase in the concentration of total IgG due to seroconverting of its own antibodies by the body of calves. Immunization of cows-mothers against viral diarrhea, respiratory syncytial infection and parainfluenza-3 contributes to the formation of antigen-specific colostral immunity in calves in the first days of life, which is preserved in diagnostic titers during 63 days after birth.

scholarly journals Importance of toxic metabolite mineralization in ensuring physiological aging and human longevity

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
С.Н. Шатохина ◽  
Д.С. Уварова ◽  
В.Н. Шабалин
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Physiological Aging ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Endogenous Intoxication ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Middle Molecules

Актуальность. Долголетие человека с высоким качеством жизни является одной из наиболее важных проблем мирового значения. Долгожители представляют собой биологическую элиту человеческой популяции, что заставляет проводить углублённые исследования факторов, обеспечивающих физиологическое старение и долголетие человека. Одним из таких факторов является способность организма нейтрализовать токсические свойства метаболитов посредством минерализации. Цель: выявить биологические особенности организма долгожителей по критерию соотношения показателей эндогенной интоксикации и минерализации эндотоксинов по сравнению с пациентами среднего, пожилого и старческого возраста. Материалы и методы. Материалом для исследования являлись биологические жидкости (сыворотка крови, моча, ротовая жидкость). В качестве основного применён метод клиновидной дегидратации биологических жидкостей. Как вспомогательные использованы методы: определение молекул средней массы в сыворотке крови; определение высокомолекулярной фракции циркулирующих иммунных комплексов в сыворотке крови и метод рентгеноспектрального микроанализа структур твёрдой фазы мочи и ротовой жидкости. Результаты. Установлено, что естественное возрастное увеличение количества токсических метаболитов в организме человека значительно опережает повышение нейтрализующей токсины биоминерализационной активности. Однако пациенты старше 85 лет представляют исключение из этой закономерности: рост биоминерализационной активности в данной возрастной группе адекватен росту эндогенной интоксикации. Это обеспечивает более высокую резистентность организма к токсическим метаболитам и определяет большую продолжительность жизни. Заключение. Структура фаций биологических жидкостей даёт возможность интегрально оценивать текущей уровень эндогенной интоксикации в соотношении с биоминерализационной активностью организма. Background. Longevity with a high quality of life is one of the most important goals of global significance. Centenarians represent a biological elite of the human population, which encourages conducting in-depth studies of factors that provide physiological aging and longevity of people. One of these factors is the body’s ability to neutralize toxicity of metabolites through mineralization. Aim. To identify biological characteristics of a long-liver’s body by the criterion of intoxication to endotoxin mineralization ratio as compared to patients of middle, elderly, and senile age. Methods. Cuneiform dehydration of biological fluids was used as the main method. Auxiliary methods included determination of middle molecules in blood serum; determination of high-molecular fraction of circulating immune complexes in blood serum; and the x-ray spectral microanalysis of urine and oral fluid. Results. The natural, age-related increase in the number of toxic metabolites in the human body significantly precedes the increase in toxin-neutralizing biomineralization activity. However, centenarians (patients older than 85) are an exception to this pattern: in this age group, the growth of biomineralization activity is adequate to the growth of endogenous intoxication. This provides a higher resistance of the body to toxic metabolites and determines a longer life expectancy. Conclusion. The structure of facies of biological fluids allows integral evaluation of the current level of endogenous intoxication in relation to the biomineralization activity in the body. Long-livers were shown to have a higher ability to neutralize endotoxins through biomineralization, which provides them with a longer lifespan.

Gender determination of caucasoid hair using image analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
T.B. Ball ◽  
W.M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Morphological Differences

It has been demonstrated that cross sections of bundles of hair can be effectively studied using image analysis. These studies can help to elucidate morphological differences of hair from one region of the body to another. The purpose of the present investigation was to use image analysis to determine whether morphological differences could be demonstrated between male and female human Caucasian terminal scalp hair.Hair samples were taken from the back of the head from 18 caucasoid males and 13 caucasoid females (Figs. 1-2). Bundles of 50 hairs were processed for cross-sectional examination and then analyzed using Prism Image Analysis software on a Macintosh llci computer. Twenty morphological parameters of size and shape were evaluated for each hair cross-section. The size parameters evaluated were area, convex area, perimeter, convex perimeter, length, breadth, fiber length, width, equivalent diameter, and inscribed radius. The shape parameters considered were formfactor, roundness, convexity, solidity, compactness, aspect ratio, elongation, curl, and fractal dimension.

Possibilities for treating aspirin-i lesions of the stomach and duodenum in patients with chronic coronary heart disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Borovkova ◽  
M. V. Buyanova ◽  
T. E. Bakka ◽  
M. P. Nistratova ◽  
T. V. Vlasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pge2 Level ◽  
Endogenous Prostaglandins ◽  
Chronic Coronary Heart Disease

To evaluate possibilities of aspirin-induced gastroduodenopathy treatment in the patients with chronic ischemic heart disease by means of applying the internal endogenous prostaglandins stimulant.  Material and methods. 340 patients suffering from chronic coronary heart disease and receiving a long-term acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) therapy were examined on the base of the cardiovascular care unit of The Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital named after N.A. Semaschko. There were evaluated frequency, nature and severity of the aspirin-induced gastroduodenopathy. The patients with coronary heart disease and aspirin-induced gastroduodenopathy were divided in two groups. In the first group of patients there was applied rebamipide therapy (in a single daily dose 300 mg) in combination with the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) — pantoprazole. In the second group there was applied only pantoprazole therapy. For the purpose of specification of AIG pathogenetic mechanisms development, all the examined chronic coronary heart disease cases were tested on the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level in blood serum before the therapy beginning and after the treatment. The control group was formed of chronic coronary heart disease patients showing no AIG evidence. Statistical processing of the received data was fulfilled with the program «Statistika 10.0». Results. AIG was registered in 15% out of 340 chronic coronary heart disease patients. According to the endoscopic examination erosive disease of the body and antrum prevailed among the patients. The PGE2 level in the blood serum was significantly lower (р = 0,00087) in these patients in comparison with the control group. In association with PPI and rebamipide mixed therapy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy results showed no pathological findings in gastrointestinal mucosa and statistically significant (р = 0,00067) blood serum PGE2 level growing in all the treated patients. As a result of exclusive PPI therapy there was marked positive dynamics in endoscopic view in 19 out of 25 patients and a tendency to normalization of PGE2 level in the blood serum. However, PGE2 level growing was insignificant. Conclusion. The presented research demonstrates the possibility of AIG treatment with the use of internal endogenous prostaglandins stimulant — rebamipide in complex with proton pump inhibitor PPI therapy.

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