scholarly journals CHEMICAL STUDIES IN HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS

1948 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine B. Fowler ◽  
Seymour S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Simple Medium ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
One Step ◽  
Nutritional Environment ◽  
The One ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions

Using the one-step growth technique the production of the virus T2 in its host, measured by latent period and burst size, was shown to depend on the nutritional environment of the host cell. When E. coli, grown in broth, was transferred to a simple medium, single organic compounds such as some amino acids and nucleosides were found to increase or accelerate the synthesis of virus. An antimetabolite of glutamic acid, an amino acid important for virus synthesis, was shown to be inhibitory. Several naturally occurring amino acids, leucine, serine, and cysteine, inhibited virus synthesis in the simple medium. A chemically defined mixture was found which supported a rate of virus synthesis very nearly comparable to that found for host cells in nutrient broth.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL STUDIES IN HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS

1948 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour S. Cohen ◽  
Catherine B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Virus Production ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Virus Growth ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
One Step ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
The One ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions

Omission of a single constituent from a chemically defined medium approximating the virus growth-promoting properties of broth affects virus production in infected bacteria. This may be estimated by the one-step growth technique and the course of desoxyribose nucleic acid synthesis. Nine amino acids and one purine have been shown to be important by these tests. A combination of all constituents observed to be important by the single supplement and single omission techniques has approximated the virus growth-promoting properties of broth. Certain anomalous results have been commented upon.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL STUDIES IN HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS

1950 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour S. Cohen ◽  
Rachel Arbogast
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curves ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
One Step ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Dna And Protein Synthesis ◽  
The One ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions

Various chemical and physiological aspects of the reproductive cycles of r+ and r strains of T2, T4, and T6 viruses have been examined and compared. These include the ultraviolet absorption spectra in which differences between r and r+ strains were not observed, though they were obtained in the case of T2, T4, and T6. Adsorption of T4 and T6 was found to require the adsorption cofactor l-tryptophane. Among the r and r+ strains of these viruses limiting tryptophane requirements for adsorption were found to be different. Some differences were observed in the one-step growth curves of these viruses under conditions of single and multiple infection. The turbidity-time relations of infected cultures were characteristically different. The rates of DNA and protein synthesis in the infected cells were found to be independent of the viruses used. Certain implications of the data have been discussed.

scholarly journals Creation of a Broad-Range and Highly Stereoselectived-Amino Acid Dehydrogenase for the One-Step Synthesis ofd-Amino Acids

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (33) ◽  
pp. 10923-10929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha Vedha-Peters ◽  
Manjula Gunawardana ◽  
J. David Rozzell ◽  
Scott J. Novick
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Amino Acid Dehydrogenase ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One

scholarly journals Repurposing Therapeutics for COVID-19: Supercomputer-Based Docking to the SARS-CoV-2 Viral Spike Protein and Viral Spike Protein-Human ACE2 Interface

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micholas Smith ◽  
Jeremy C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
The Novel ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Ranked List

The novel Wuhan coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been sequenced, and the virus shares substantial similarity with SARS-CoV. Here, using a computational model of the spike protein (S-protein) of SARS-CoV-2 interacting with the human ACE2 receptor, we make use of the world's most powerful supercomputer, SUMMIT, to enact an ensemble docking virtual high-throughput screening campaign and identify small-molecules which bind to either the isolated Viral S-protein at its host receptor region or to the S protein-human ACE2 interface. We hypothesize the identified small-molecules may be repurposed to limit viral recognition of host cells and/or disrupt host-virus interactions. A ranked list of compounds is given that can be tested experimentally.<br>

scholarly journals Repurposing Therapeutics for COVID-19: Supercomputer-Based Docking to the SARS-CoV-2 Viral Spike Protein and Viral Spike Protein-Human ACE2 Interface

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micholas Smith ◽  
Jeremy C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
The Novel ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Ranked List

The novel Wuhan coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been sequenced, and the virus shares substantial similarity with SARS-CoV. Here, using a computational model of the spike protein (S-protein) of SARS-CoV-2 interacting with the human ACE2 receptor, we make use of the world's most powerful supercomputer, SUMMIT, to enact an ensemble docking virtual high-throughput screening campaign and identify small-molecules which bind to either the isolated Viral S-protein at its host receptor region or to the S protein-human ACE2 interface. We hypothesize the identified small-molecules may be repurposed to limit viral recognition of host cells and/or disrupt host-virus interactions. A ranked list of compounds is given that can be tested experimentally.<br>

scholarly journals Identification of Amino Acid Residues in BK Virus VP1 That Are Critical for Viability and Growth

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (21) ◽  
pp. 11798-11808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisling S. Dugan ◽  
Megan L. Gasparovic ◽  
Natia Tsomaia ◽  
Dale F. Mierke ◽  
Bethany A. O'Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Bk Virus ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Virion Protein ◽  
Virus Propagation

ABSTRACT BK virus (BKV) is a ubiquitous pathogen that establishes a persistent infection in the urinary tract of 80% of the human population. Like other polyomaviruses, the major capsid protein of BKV, virion protein 1 (VP1), is critical for host cell receptor recognition and for proper virion assembly. BKV uses a carbohydrate complex containing α(2,3)-linked sialic acid attached to glycoprotein and glycolipid motifs as a cellular receptor. To determine the amino acids important for BKV binding to the sialic acid portion of the complex, we generated a series of 17 point mutations in VP1 and scored them for viral growth. The first set of mutants behaved identically to wild-type virus, suggesting that these amino acids were not critical for virus propagation. Another group of VP1 mutants rendered the virus nonviable. These mutations failed to protect viral DNA from DNase I digestion, indicating a role for these domains in capsid assembly and/or packaging of DNA. A third group of VP1 mutations packaged DNA similarly to the wild type but failed to propagate. The initial burst size of these mutations was similar to that of the wild type, indicating that there is no defect in the lytic release of the mutated virions. Binding experiments revealed that a subset of the BKV mutants were unable to attach to their host cells. These motifs are likely important for sialic acid recognition. We next mapped these mutations onto a model of BKV VP1 to provide atomic insight into the role of these sites in the binding of sialic acid to VP1.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL STUDIES ON HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS

1947 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour S. Cohen ◽  
Catherine B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Virus Multiplication ◽  
Killing Effect ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions

The inhibition of virus multiplication by 5-methyl tryptophane can be specifically reversed by tryptophane. The conditions of reversal indicate that 5MT specifically interferes with tryptophane utilization. The tryptophane requirements of virus multiplication appear to exist throughout the latent period and determine the time of lysis and amount of virus liberated. A latent period may be interrupted for 15 minutes or more and be resumed on addition of tryptophane. Extended inhibition with 5MT results in a somewhat variable "killing" effect, the extent of which determines aspects of the reversal of the inhibition by tryptophane. The implications of these phenomena have been discussed.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL STUDIES ON HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS

1946 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour S. Cohen ◽  
Thomas F. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Bacterial Viruses ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions

5-methyl tryptophane inhibited the multiplication of E. coli B without apparently affecting the rate of its oxygen utilization or R. Q. in a synthetic medium. E. coli B, under conditions of inhibition in the presence of this compound, was infected with the bacterial viruses T2 or T4. Infected organisms, in the presence of this compound, were unable to reproduce virus, assayable by the plaque method. Indeed, the number of infectious centers disappeared at a logarithmic rate in the presence of 5-methyl tryptophane, although the compound did not reduce the titers of B, T2, or T4, when the bacteria or viruses were exposed separately to the agent. In contrast to the irreversibility of the interference effects induced by viruses, the effects induced by short exposures to 5MT appear to be reversible on removal of the compound.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL STUDIES ON HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS

1946 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour S. Cohen ◽  
Thomas F. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Cytoplasmic Granules ◽  
E Coli ◽  
T4 Bacteriophage ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Similar Substance

The addition of active or irradiated T2 bacteriophage and T4 bacteriophage to E. coli B stops bacterial multiplication. The respiratory rate and respiratory quotient of the inhibited bacteria remained at the values observed just before infection. A respiratory rate decrease which occasionally appears can be roughly correlated with change of turbidity of the suspension. An intracellular inhibitor of multiplication appears to be liberated into lysates. A similar substance has been separated from normal E. coli B after sonic disintegration. These bacteriostatic preparations contain cytoplasmic granules with lactic acid dehydrogenase activity. The relationship of these phenomena to the interference effect in this system and others has been considered.

scholarly journals Biological Characteristics and Genomic Analysis of Aeromonas Hydrophila Phage BUCT551 Isolated From Aquatic Sewage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbo Qin ◽  
Shiting He ◽  
Xuling Xu ◽  
Xiaoping An ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Blastn Analysis ◽  
One Step ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
The One

Abstract Aeromonas hydrophila is a common opportunistic pathogen in aquaculture and is ubiquitous in aquatic environment. Whereby its accessibility, variety and host specificity, phage is increasingly considered as a promising complementary medicine for antibiotics. However, a small amount of A. hydrophila phages have been characterized, which suggests the significance to isolate and characterize novel A. hydrophila phages. In this study, we isolated a novel Aeromonas hydrophila phage using A. hydrophila strain A18 as an indicator and designated it as BUCT551, and it was identified as Myoviridae phage by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The whole genome sequencing of the phage BUCT551 revealed that it has a linear DNA genome of 613,82 bp. BLASTn analysis showed that phage BUCT551 shared 86.75% homology with A. hydrophila phage LAh_7 (Genebank ID: MK838113.1). The one-step growth curve demonstrated that phage BUCT551 had a latent period of 20 min and the burst size of 32 pfu/cell at its optimal MOI of 0.1. The phage BUCT551 had a survival pH range from 5 to 10 and tolerant temperature from 0℃ to 40℃. Host range analysis shown that the phage was able to lyse not only A. hydrophila, but also A. veronii.

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