scholarly journals COMPLEMENT FIXATION WITH THE NEUROTROPIC VIRUSES

1943 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter P. Havens ◽  
Dennis W. Watson ◽  
Robert H. Green ◽  
George I. Lavin ◽  
Joseph E. Smadel
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
The West ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Neurotropic Viruses ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
Cross Immunity ◽  
Western Equine Encephalitis

Antigens capable of fixing complement specifically with the appropriate antibodies have been prepared from brain tissue of hamsters and mice infected with the viruses of St. Louis, Japanese, Western, and Eastern encephalitis, and with the West Nile virus. The antigens were freed of the material which reacts with normal serum by means of centrifugation at relatively high speed. In addition, the infectivity of the preparation was destroyed by irradiation with ultraviolet light. Cross reactions were demonstrated by means of the complement-fixation technique with materials from animals infected with the viruses of Eastern and Western equine encephalitis. No relationship was detectable by this procedure between St. Louis, Japanese, and West Nile viruses. These findings emphasize the need for further investigation and correlation of the immunological reactions of the groups of neurotropic viruses, since the equine agents are apparently unrelated when studied by neutralization and cross-immunity tests while these methods provide evidence of the presence of common antigenic structures in the St. Louis, Japanese, and West Nile agents.

scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS OF THE COXSACKIE VIRUSES

1950 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth M. Kraft ◽  
Joseph L. Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Complement Fixation Test ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
Acute Phase Serum ◽  
Coxsackie Group

The preparation of complement-fixing antigens for the Coxsackie group of viruses (C virus) is described. This includes the manufacture of crude antigens, their subsequent treatment with protamine sulfate to remove non-specific interfering substances, and their concentration by ultracentrifugation. The plate complement fixation technique of Fulton and Dumbell is described in detail as it has been used for the Coxsackie viruses. Seven strains of C virus have been cross-tested in the plate complement fixation test and have been found to belong to six immunologically distinct types. The temporal pattern of complement-fixing antibodies in human beings infected with two types, Ohio-1 and Easton-2, respectively, has been studied. In the former the antibodies rise to a peak rather late in convalescence (3rd month) and in the latter, complement-fixing antibodies are already present at high levels in the acute phase serum. The problems of serodiagnosis are briefly discussed.

The fight to save Uganda’s White Rhino

1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Keyword(s):  
The West ◽  
West Nile ◽  
White Rhino

In the West Nile District of Uganda lives a population of white rhino—those relies of a past age, cumbrous, gentle creatures despite their huge bulk—which estimates only 10 years ago, put at 500. But poachers live in the area, too, and official counts showed that white rhino were being reduced alarmingly. By 1959, they were believed to be diminished to 300.

CHEMISTRY OF GONADOTROPHINS IN RELATION TO THEIR ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (1_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S13-S30 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Butt
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Neuraminic Acid ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Structural Differences

ABSTRACT Several chemical differences between FSH, LH and HCG have been reported: thus LH and HCG are richer in proline than FSH and FSH and HCG contain more N-acetyl neuraminic acid than LH. Sub-units of LH are formed by treatment with urea, guanidine or acid. HCG also may contain two sub-units. The sub-units from LH are biologically inert but retain their immunological activity: biological activity is restored when the sub-units are incubated together. There is much evidence from chemical and enzymic reactions that antigenic groups are distinct from those parts of the molecule essential for biological activity. N-acetyl neuraminic acid and probably other carbohydrates in FSH and HCG are not involved in immunological activity but are necessary for biological activity. Histidine, methionine and possibly cysteine appear to be essential for biological but not immunological activity of FSH, while tryptophan and possibly tyrosine are not essential for either. A few highly specific antisera to gonadotrophins have been prepared in rabbits and guinea pigs to crude antigens: there is no evidence that purified antigens are more likely to produce specific antisera. Differences in the immunological reactivities of urinary compared with pituitary gonadotrophins have been observed both by radioimmunoassay and by the complement fixation technique. The latter may be particularly useful for detecting structural differences in the hormones.

scholarly journals Arginine methylation enhances the RNA chaperone activity of the West Nile virus host factor AUF1 p45

RNA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1574-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Friedrich ◽  
Tobias Schmidt ◽  
Angelika Schierhorn ◽  
Hauke Lilie ◽  
Grit Szczepankiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Arginine Methylation ◽  
Host Factor ◽  
Chaperone Activity ◽  
The West ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Rna Chaperone

Polymorphic microsatellite loci from the West Nile virus vector Culex tarsalis

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASON L. RASGON ◽  
MEERA VENKATESAN ◽  
CATHERINE J. WESTBROOK ◽  
MARY CLAIRE HAUER
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Virus Vector ◽  
Culex Tarsalis ◽  
The West ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellite

scholarly journals Two Distinct Yersinia pestis Populations Causing Plague among Humans in the West Nile Region of Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e0004360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel B. Respicio-Kingry ◽  
Brook M. Yockey ◽  
Sarah Acayo ◽  
John Kaggwa ◽  
Titus Apangu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
The West ◽  
West Nile
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