scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA IN THE DOG

1940 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton Hamburger ◽  
O. H. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Peripheral Lung ◽  
Anatomical Arrangement ◽  
Starch Paste ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Secondary Lobe ◽  
Experimental Disease

A study has been made of the mode of origin of the secondary lesions occurring spontaneously during the course of experimental pneumococcus pneumonia in the dog. It was observed that the primary lesions of dogs exhibiting interlobar spread contained much more edema fluid than did those in which the inflammatory process remained confined to a single lobe. Furthermore, the sequence of spread from lobe to lobe in relation to the anatomical arrangement of the bronchi and the prone position of the animal was such as to suggest that secondary lobe involvement arose as a result of edematous pneumonic exudate flowing into the more dependent bronchial openings. Experiments were undertaken to determine whether pneumococci are constantly being distributed throughout the lung in the experimental disease in varying degree yet produce secondary foci of consolidation only if the microorganisms reach the terminal airways and are retained there through some interference with the normal eliminatory mechanism. Attempts to produce secondary lesions in dogs with non-spreading single lobe involvement, by means of plugging a terminal bronchus of a normal lobe with starch paste or mucin were largely unsuccessful. In only three out of 19 instances did a lesion develop at the site of obstruction. An investigation was then made of the distribution of pneumococci in the lungs of dogs at the height of the pneumonia. In dogs with single lobe lesions pneumococci were recovered from the lesion itself but not from any other part of the peripheral lung tissue, whereas in animals showing spread to other lobes pneumococci were found to be distributed widely throughout the lung in both the apparently normal and the involved lobes. Some of the microscopic sections of the uninvolved parts of the lungs of dogs with metastatic lesions revealed small masses of pneumococcus-containing exudate in the smaller bronchi and terminal airways of otherwise normal tissue. This finding, in conjunction with the detection of beginning inflammatory changes in other areas normal in the gross, would seem to provide direct evidence of the manner in which pneumococci are transferred from the initial lesion to other lobes and highly presumptive evidence for the mode of origin of the secondary lesions.

A comparison of radiographic signs of pulmonary inflammation during ECMO between silicon and poly-methyl pentene oxygenators

Perfusion ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Espeed Khoshbin ◽  
Anthony EW Dux ◽  
Hilliary Killer ◽  
Andrzej W Sosnowski ◽  
Richard K Firmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Extracorporeal Life Support ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Heparin Coating ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Introduction: The inflammatory response caused by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is clearly visible within the first 24 h of cannulation. The inflammatory process affects all areas of the lung, even areas previously spared by the primary disease. Objective: To compare the change in the radiographic signs of inflammatory response to ECMO between poly-methyl pentene and silicon oxygenators. Study design: Retrospective review of neonates and adults pre- and post-replacement of silicon oxygenators with poly-methyl pentene devices. Data were collected from Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation (ELSO) registry forms and patient records. Results were analysed by quantitative and semi-quantitative methods. Results: There was a significant reduction in the radiographic signs of inflammatory response to ECMO, and a reduction in the time taken to revert to pre-ECMO state in the neonatal poly-methyl pentene group compared to silicon. However, there was no significant reduction in the duration of ECMO runs and the percentage survival between these groups in the neonates. In adults, there was no difference in severity of radiographic signs between groups. However, the inflammatory changes were relatively delayed in the adult poly-methyl pentene group. Conclusion: Poly-methyl pentene (Medos) oxygenators have reduced the host's response phenomenon `white out' in neonates, and caused a delayed response in adults. This is most likely a consequence of smaller blood contact surface area combined with the effect of heparin coating of the oxygenator membrane. However, recovery was not a function of the type of gas exchange device used. Perfusion (2007) 22, 15-21.

IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SICK CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC PURULENT MEDIUM OTITITIS ON THE BACKGROUND OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol Special issue (2) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
N.U. Narzullaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Postoperative Treatment ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
Cellular And Humoral Immunity ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

The immunograms of 93 sick children with chronic purulent otitis media on the background of chronic hepatitis (39 mesotympanitis and 54 epitympanitis) were studied. A comparative analysis of immunogram indices was carried out depending on the severity of inflammatory changes and the inclusion of imunofan in the therapy regimen. The results of the work showed that in sick children with chronic purulent otitis media against the background of chronic hepatitis, the immunogram reflects the peculiarities of the course of the inflammatory process. Chronic inflammatory process in the temporal bone and surgical trauma sharply suppress cellular and humoral immunity, which prompts the use of immunocorrectors in the scheme of postoperative treatment. The inclusion of imunofan in the therapy scheme allowed to completely normalize the immunogram indices in patients with epitympanitis and to improve the clinical course of the postoperative period

Direct evidence that prostate tumors show high sensitivity to fractionation (low α/β ratio), similar to late-responding normal tissue

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Brenner ◽  
Alvaro A Martinez ◽  
Gregory K Edmundson ◽  
Christina Mitchell ◽  
Howard D Thames ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Prostate Tumors

scholarly journals COXITIS AS A MANIFESTATION OF PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-388
Author(s):  
L. A. Smirnova ◽  
O. V. Simonova ◽  
E. N. Sukhikh ◽  
B. F. Nemtsov
Keyword(s):  
Joint Pain ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Spiral Computed ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Malignant Lung Tumor

The paper describes a clinical case of late diagnosis of malignant lung tumor with the development of skeletal and intracranial lymph node metastatic lesions. Right hip joint pain was the reason for seeking medical advice; coxitis was diagnosed. Weight loss, obvious blood inflammatory changes, and a long-term smoking history aim to find cancer. Further examination as multislice spiral computed tomography of the lungs and pelvic bones could establish a diagnosis.

scholarly journals EPIPLOIC APPENDAGITIS;

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 485-488
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ZAFAR IQBAL ◽  
ZEESHAN MAJEED AWAN ◽  
NOOR AHMAD KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epiploic Appendagitis ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Epiploic Appendage ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Acute epiploic appendagitis is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain that has only recently been recognized. Thediagnosis of this condition primarily relies on cross-sectional imaging and is made most often on CT, although occasionally sonography1 2- has been used . Epiploic appendages are fat- and blood vessel-containing outpouchings protruding from the serosal surface of the colon4. They appear in the fifth month of fetal life and in an adult human, the average number of epiploic appendages is approximately 50-2,3,5 100.They measure from 2-5 cm in length . Epiploic appendagitis is the inflammatory process of the epiploic appendage and hasprimary and secondary types. Primary epiploic appendagitis (PEA) is the infarction and inflammation of an appendage because of torsionor spontaneous venous thrombosis. PEA mimics acute abdominal diseases; thus, it must be distinguished from the secondary epiploic2,3 appendagitis, which is caused by neighborhood inflammatory processes such as diverticulitis, appendicitis or cholecystitis . The mostcommon computed tomographic (CT) appearance of acute epiploic appendagitis is the presence of 1.5- to 3.5-cm-diameter fat-density1 lesion with surrounding inflammatory changes abutting the anterior wall of the sigmoid colon .

scholarly journals GSK3: A Kinase Balancing Promotion and Resolution of Inflammation

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Hoffmeister ◽  
Mareike Diekmann ◽  
Korbinian Brand ◽  
René Huber
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Experimental Disease

GSK3 has been implicated for years in the regulation of inflammation and addressed in a plethora of scientific reports using a variety of experimental (disease) models and approaches. However, the specific role of GSK3 in the inflammatory process is still not fully understood and controversially discussed. Following a detailed overview of structure, function, and various regulatory levels, this review focusses on the immunoregulatory functions of GSK3, including the current knowledge obtained from animal models. Its impact on pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine profiles, bacterial/viral infections, and the modulation of associated pro-inflammatory transcriptional and signaling pathways is discussed. Moreover, GSK3 contributes to the resolution of inflammation on multiple levels, e.g., via the regulation of pro-resolving mediators, the clearance of apoptotic immune cells, and tissue repair processes. The influence of GSK3 on the development of different forms of stimulation tolerance is also addressed. Collectively, the role of GSK3 as a kinase balancing the initiation/perpetuation and the amelioration/resolution of inflammation is highlighted.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and therapy of urinary infections. What should always remember (clinical lecture). Part 2

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Pseudomonas Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Clinical Lecture

The clinical lecture presents the modern concepts of complicated infections of the kidneys and urinary tract. The principles of dividing infections into complicated and uncomplicated ones are considered in the lecture. Data are presented on the classification, epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of pyelonephritis, the features of the inflammatory process in the kidney depending on such pathogens as E. coli, pathogenic cocci, Pseudomonas infection. The modern possibilities of revealing reversible and irreversible inflammatory changes in the kidney, the pathogenesis of complications of acute purulent pyelonephritis are considered in details. Considerable attention is given to differential diagnosis of the nonspecific inflammatory process in the kidney and nephrotuberculosis. The role of urologists and general practitioners in assisting patients in outpatient and inpatient stages of diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation has been clarified. (For citation: Borisov VV. Diagnosis and therapy of urinary infections. What should always remember (clinical lecture). Part 2. Urologicheskie vedomosti. 2017;7(4):60-66. doi: 10.17816/uroved7460-66).

scholarly journals Comparative pathomorphological research of hydroxycarbamide and hydrea

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
I. B. Merkulova ◽  
T. V. Abramova ◽  
O. I. Konyaevа ◽  
N. Yu. Kulbachevskaya ◽  
N. P. Ermakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Starch Paste ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Introduction . In accordance with Russian Federal Program of import substitution of foreign medicines replacement for high-quality Russian drugs in Russia reproduced нydroxycarbamide (HC), which passed preclinical toxicological and pathomorphological testing in comparison with hydrea (HD), producted by Italy.The aim . The aim of present study was the comparative evaluation of HC and HD effect on the internal organs of rats for the clearing up of their identity according to the morphological criterions. Materials and methods. 70 non-inbred male rats, by 10 rats per group, were used. HC and HD were administered to rats oral daily for 5 days in the same total doses correspond with to the 2, 1 and 1 / 2 maximum tolerated dose. In the same regime control rats were oral administered with 1 % starch paste solution. Of animals were removed from the experience on days 3 and 30 after the end of the administration of the drugs. The macroscopic and histological examination of internal organs were perform by routine methods, including fixation of the material in 10 % formalin and staining of sections with hematoxylin and eosin. The histological preparations of the internal organs was analyzed in the light microscope at magnifications of 100, 400, 1000. Results . HС, as well as HD, in total doses of 3000 and 1500 mg / kg at the 3 day after the end of the introduction caused different degrees of similar morphological changes in rat internal organs: moderate hypoplasia in the thymus, bone marrow and spleen, destructive and inflammatory changes in the stomach, duodenum and kidney. At the 30 day after the application of both drugs morphological changes in the thymus, the bone marrow and the spleen disappeared completely, residual morphological changes persisted in the duodenum and kidneys; in the testes of rats – moderate atrophic changes. HС, as well as HD in total dose 750 mg / kg did not cause changes in the internal organs of the rats. Conclusion . Based on the results of macroscopic and histological examination the conclusion about of the identity of the influence of HC and HD on the internal organs of rats was made. 

scholarly journals Influence of target dose heterogeneity on dose sparing of normal tissue in peripheral lung tumor stereotactic body radiation therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigong Wei ◽  
Xingchen Peng ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Lianlian Yang ◽  
Ling He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Target Dose ◽  
Stereotactic Body Radiation ◽  
Tissue Dose ◽  
Peripheral Lung ◽  
Prescription Dose ◽  
Dose Sparing

Abstract Objective To evaluate the influence of target dose heterogeneity on normal tissue dose sparing for peripheral lung tumor stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Methods Based on the volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique, three SBRT plans with homogeneous, moderate heterogeneous, and heterogeneous (HO, MHE, and HE) target doses were compared in 30 peripheral lung tumor patients. The prescription dose was 48 Gy in 4 fractions. Ten rings outside the PTV were created to limit normal tissue dosage and evaluate dose falloff. Results When MHE and HE plans were compared to HO plans, the conformity index of the PTV was increased by approximately 0.08. The median mean lung dose (MLD), V5, V10, V20 of whole lung, D2%, D1cc, D2cc of the rib, V30 of the rib, D2% and the maximum dose (Dmax) of the skin, and D2% and Dmax of most mediastinal organs at risk (OARs) and spinal cord were reduced by up to 4.51 Gy or 2.8%. Analogously, the median Dmax, D2% and mean dose of rings were reduced by 0.71 to 8.46 Gy; and the median R50% and D2cm were reduced by 2.1 to 2.3 and 7.4% to 8.0%, respectively. Between MHE and HE plans there was little to no difference in OARs dose and dose falloff beyond the target. Furthermore, the dose sparing of rib V30 and the mean dose of rings were negatively correlated with the rib and rings distance from tumor, respectively. Conclusions For peripheral lung tumor SBRT, target conformity, normal tissue dose, and dose falloff around the target could be improved by loosening or abandoning homogeneity. While there was negligible further dose benefit for the maximum target dose above 125% of the prescription, dose sparing of normal tissue derived from a heterogeneous target decreased as the distance from the tumor increased.

scholarly journals Paraduodenal Pancreatitis: A Deceptive Abdominal Mass with Unique Histologic Findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jonathan Zadeh ◽  
Anthony Andreoni ◽  
Christopher Febres-Aldana ◽  
Kritika Krishnamurthy ◽  
Jyotsna Kochiyil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Histologic Evaluation ◽  
Paraduodenal Pancreatitis ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

Paraduodenal pancreatitis (PP) is an uncommon abdominal pathology characterized by scarring of the pancreaticoduodenal space. Diagnosis of this inflammatory process is challenging as its clinical presentation is similar to that of pancreatic cancer. Currently, no definitive radiologic or pathologic features have been established to permit diagnosis of PP without surgical resection. However, the presence of eosinophilic concretions has been reported with increasing frequency in the histologic evaluation of PP. To the best of our knowledge, these concretions are distinctive for PP and not reported in neoplasms commonly involving the pancreaticoduodenal space. Herein, we discuss the case of a 60-year-old man who was found to have PP after pancreaticoduodenectomy for a paraduodenal mass with an initially nondiagnostic biopsy. Retrospective review of the preoperative FNA samples revealed eosinophilic concretions like those found in the final surgical specimen. If the identification of eosinophilic concretions in a background of inflammatory changes was to be accepted as a diagnostic criterion for PP, patients such as ours could be spared the morbidity associated with surgical resection.

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