scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE SUIS VACCINES ON SWINE INFLUENZA

1937 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae

Either living or heat-killed H. influenzae suis vaccines, given intramuscularly to swine, elicit an immune response capable of modifying the course of a later swine influenza infection. The protection afforded is only partial and is in no way comparable to the complete immunity afforded by swine influenza virus vaccines.

scholarly journals Immunization of Pigs with a Particle-Mediated DNA Vaccine to Influenza A Virus Protects against Challenge with Homologous Virus

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 1491-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Macklin ◽  
Dennis McCabe ◽  
Martha W. McGregor ◽  
Veronica Neumann ◽  
Todd Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Homologous Virus

ABSTRACT Particle-mediated delivery of a DNA expression vector encoding the hemagglutinin (HA) of an H1N1 influenza virus (A/Swine/Indiana/1726/88) to porcine epidermis elicits a humoral immune response and accelerates the clearance of virus in pigs following a homotypic challenge. Mucosal administration of the HA expression plasmid elicits an immune response that is qualitatively different than that elicited by the epidermal vaccination in terms of inhibition of the initial virus infection. In contrast, delivery of a plasmid encoding an influenza virus nucleoprotein from A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) to the epidermis elicits a strong humoral response but no detectable protection in terms of nasal virus shed. The efficacy of the HA DNA vaccine was compared with that of a commercially available inactivated whole-virus vaccine as well as with the level of immunity afforded by previous infection. The HA DNA and inactivated viral vaccines elicited similar protection in that initial infection was not prevented, but subsequent amplification of the infection is limited, resulting in early clearance of the virus. Convalescent animals which recovered from exposure to virulent swine influenza virus were completely resistant to infection when challenged. The porcine influenza A virus system is a relevant preclinical model for humans in terms of both disease and gene transfer to the epidermis and thus provides a basis for advancing the development of DNA-based vaccines.

scholarly journals SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE SUIS AND THE SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS ON THE CHICK EMBRYO

1943 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik B. Bang
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Human Influenza Virus ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae ◽  
The Individual

The synergistic effect of Hemophilus influenzae suis and swine influenza virus in the pig can be reproduced by the inoculation of these agents on the chorioallantoic membrane of 9 to 10 day old chick embryos. Two strains of human influenza virus that were studied failed to substitute for the swine virus in the synergistic reaction. No loss of synergistic effect was noted when the swine influenza virus was put through 11 chick embryo passages. Recently isolated and old stock strains of Hemophilus were equally able to enhance the effect of the virus. Heat-killed cultures of H. influenzae suis can be substituted for the bacterial component of the reaction. Infection of the embryo with swine influenza virus predisposes to infection with H. influenzae suis. The combination of H. influenzae suis and swine influenza virus causes a selective destruction of the embryo lungs, not produced by the individual components. This pneumonia exhibits the essential features of the natural disease.

scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SWINE AND HUMAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES IN SWINE

1937 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Shope
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Human Influenza Virus ◽  
Immunological Relationship ◽  
Cross Immunity ◽  
The Cross

Swine recovered from infection with either swine influenza or swine influenza virus alone are usually not only immune but refractory to human influenza infection. Swine recovered from infection with a mixture of human influenza virus and H. influenzae suis are usually immune to swine influenza while those recovered from infection with human influenza virus alone are usually not immune to swine influenza. The possible mechanisms involved in the cross-immunity between the influenza viruses are discussed.

The immune response and maternal antibody interference to a heterologous H1N1 swine influenza virus infection following vaccination

2006 ◽  
Vol 112 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravina Kitikoon ◽  
Dachrit Nilubol ◽  
Barbara J. Erickson ◽  
Bruce H. Janke ◽  
Thayer C. Hoover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Maternal Antibody

scholarly journals SYNERGISTIC ACTION OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE SUIS AND THE SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS ON THE CHICK EMBRYO. II

1943 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik B. Bang
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Spreading Factor ◽  
Spreading Effect ◽  
Hemophilus Influenzae

Blood cultures of embryos killed by the synergistic action of swine influenza virus and Hemophilus influenzae suis are consistently negative, and embryos infected with swine influenza virus may be killed both by filtered extracts of frozen and dried Hemophilus and by suspensions of heat-killed bacteria. The addition of Hemophilus to the chorioallantoic membrane of embryos infected with swine influenza virus causes the virus to spread from the membrane to the allantoic fluid and embryo. This spreading effect also obtains when a purified preparation of hyaluronidase is used instead of Hemophilus, but it is unaccompanied by a comparable increase in mortality. It is probable that the spread of the virus produced by the bacteria is only partly responsible for the development of the complex infection and that products of these organisms other than the spreading factor play a large part in the mortality of embryos receiving the combination of virus and bacterium.

scholarly journals Proinflammatory cytokine changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells isolated from pigs infected solely with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus or co-infected with swine influenza virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Czyżewska-Dors ◽  
Małgorzata Pomorska-Mól ◽  
Arkadiusz Dors ◽  
Aneta Pluta ◽  
Katarzyna Podgórska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Time Point

AbstractIntroductionThe study evaluated the patterns of local innate immune response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) alone or co-infected with swine influenza virus (SIV).Material and MethodsThe study was performed on 26 seven-week-old pigs in three groups: PRRSV-infected (n = 11), PRRSV and SIV-infected (n = 11), and control (n = 4). BALF was collected post euthanasia at 2 and 4 dpi (three piglets per inoculated group) and at 21 dpi (all remaining pigs). Expression of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 mRNA was quantified in BALF cells. PRRSV RNA was quantified in BALF samples using a commercial real-time RT-PCR kit.ResultsThe three cytokines IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β presented significant expression changes in all experimental pigs. In PRRSV-infected animals IL-8 also did, but in co-infected subjects IL-6 and IL-10 were the additional upregulated cytokines. The highest number of differentially expressed genes was observed at 4 dpi, and significant differences in cytokine gene expression did not occur between the experimental groups at any other time point. The mean PRRSV load in the BALF of PRRSV-infected pigs was higher than that of co-infected pigs at each time point, having statistical significance only at 4 dpi.ConclusionThe results of the study indicate that infection with PRRSV alone as well as with SIV interferes with innate and adaptive immune response in the infected host. They also showed that co-infection demonstrates additive effects on IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression levels.

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