scholarly journals STUDIES WITH HUMAN INFLUENZA VIRUS CULTIVATED IN ARTIFICIAL MEDIUM

1936 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Magill ◽  
Thomas Francis
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Artificial Medium ◽  
Human Influenza Virus ◽  
Simplified Procedure ◽  
Culture Virus

The in vitro cultivation of strains of human influenza virus has been successfully conducted through a prolonged series of successive transfers. The cultivated virus has retained the antigenic and immunological properties which characterized the animal passage virus from which it was derived. The culture virus is still virulent for mice and ferrets; it is capable of inducing an active state of immunity in animals vaccinated subcutaneously or intraperitoneally; it elicits specific neutralizing antibodies in the serum of infected or vaccinated animals. The virus has been successfully cultivated to date only in the presence of oxygen; when conditions of reduced oxygenation are imposed by the use of vaseline seal, with or without the addition of cystein, multiplication of the virus is not supported. On the other hand, it has been possible to cultivate the virus in the medium of Li and Rivers in ordinary test tubes. This affords a greatly simplified procedure, since the interval between transfers may be prolonged. The results of neutralization tests with various sera and the culture virus are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals THE INCIDENCE OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES FOR HUMAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN THE SERUM OF HUMAN INDIVIDUALS OF DIFFERENT AGES

1936 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Francis ◽  
T. P. Magill
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Swine Influenza Virus ◽  
Swine Influenza ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Complete Protection ◽  
Human Influenza Virus ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

The results of mouse protection tests with 136 human sera and a strain of human influenza virus are described. After the 1st year of life, the sera of approximately half the individuals tested contained sufficient antibody to furnish complete protection to mice. A much higher percentage of the sera obtained from individuals recently convalescent from influenza exerted a completely protective effect. On the other hand, certain sera protected only partially under the conditions of the tests. The results have been compared with those obtained by Shope in tests done with the same sera against swine influenza virus. The possible epidemiological significance of the results is discussed.

scholarly journals Antiviral Activity of Fritillaria thunbergii Extract against Human Influenza Virus H1N1 (PR8) In Vitro, In Ovo and In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjee Kim ◽  
Dinh-Van Nguyen ◽  
Yoonki Heo ◽  
Ki Hoon Park ◽  
Hyun-Dong Paik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Virus H1n1 ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Human Influenza Virus

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Cell Substrates on the Measurement of Human Influenza Virus Neutralizing Antibodies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e52327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Zhai ◽  
Dan Ning Zhang ◽  
Cecilia Mai ◽  
Justin Choy ◽  
Gary Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Human Influenza Virus

CULTIVATION OF HUMAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN AN ARTIFICIAL MEDIUM

Science ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 82 (2128) ◽  
pp. 353-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Francis ◽  
T. P. Magill
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Artificial Medium ◽  
Human Influenza Virus

scholarly journals THE ACTION OF IMMUNE SERUM ON HUMAN INFLUENZA VIRUS IN VITRO

1937 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Magill ◽  
Thomas Francis
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
Human Influenza Virus ◽  
Active Virus ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Embryo Tissue

Studies have been conducted on the effect of immune serum upon a strain of human influenza virus (PR8) grown in chick embryo tissue culture medium. The results have demonstrated (a) that when cells are exposed to the action of immune serum of high titer and subsequently washed freely, these cells support the growth of virus as well as cells treated with normal serum; (b) that, in agreement with the results of other workers, when virus is added to cell suspensions before the addition of immune serum of low titer, virus survives in the cells; (c) that when mixtures of immune serum of low titer and virus are added to cells, there is little evidence of survival or multiplication of the virus. Furthermore, when immune serum of high titer is used the virus is inactivated regardless of whether the cells are first exposed to virus or immune serum. Finally, virus mixed with a strong immune serum is inactivated in the absence of cells, as shown by the fact that centrifugation at high speeds of such serum-virus mixtures yields no active virus, whereas normal serum-virus mixtures yield fully active virus.

scholarly journals Assessing the protective potential of H1N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin head and stalk antibodies in humans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon R. Christensen ◽  
Sushila A. Toulmin ◽  
Trevor Griesman ◽  
Lois E. Lamerato ◽  
Joshua G. Petrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
H1n1 Infection ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Human Influenza Virus ◽  
Cytotoxicity Activity ◽  
Stalk Domain

AbstractSeasonal influenza viruses are a major cause of human disease worldwide. Most neutralizing antibodies (Abs) elicited by influenza viruses target the head domain of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. Anti-HA head Abs can be highly potent, but they have limited breadth since the HA head is variable. There is great interest in developing new universal immunization strategies that elicit broadly neutralizing Abs against conserved regions of HA, such as the stalk domain. Although HA stalk Abs can provide protection in animal models, it is unknown if they are present at sufficient levels in humans to provide protection against naturally-acquired influenza virus infections. Here, we quantified H1N1 HA head and stalk-specific Abs in 179 adults hospitalized during the 2015-2016 influenza virus season. We found that HA head Abs, as measured by hemagglutinin-inhibition (HAI) assays, were associated with protection against naturally-acquired H1N1 infection. HA stalk-specific serum total IgG titers were also associated with protection, but this association was slightly attenuated and not statistically significant after adjustment for HA head-specific Ab titers. We found higher titers of HA stalk-specific IgG1 and IgA Abs in sera from uninfected participants than from infected participants; however, we found no difference in sera in vitro antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity. In passive transfer experiments, sera from participants with high HAI activity efficiently protected mice, while sera with low HAI activity protected mice to a lower extent. Our data suggest that human HA head and stalk Abs both contribute to protection against H1N1 infection.ImportanceAbs targeting the HA head of influenza viruses are often associated with protection from influenza virus infections. These Abs typically have limited breadth since mutations frequently arise in HA head epitopes. New vaccines targeting the more conserved HA stalk domain are being developed. Abs that target the HA stalk are protective in animal models, but it is unknown if these Abs exist at protective levels in humans. Here, we found that Abs against both the HA head and HA stalk were associated with protection from naturally-acquired human influenza virus infections during the 2015-2016 influenza season.

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