scholarly journals STUDIES ON MENINGOCOCCUS INFECTION

1933 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Rake
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Meningococcal Meningitis ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Precipitin Reaction ◽  
Infecting Organisms

Precipitin tests, carried out on the cerebrospinal fluid from cases of meningococcal meningitis with monovalent sera, demonstrate the presence in that fluid of type-specific precipitinogens of the meningococcus. Negative results are secured when the spinal fluid is obtained after the commencement of intrathecal serum treatment and also occasionally when the numbers of infecting organisms are very small. The reaction offers an easy and rapid method of ascertaining to which type of meningococcus a particular case of meningitis is due, and facilitates the immediate use of monovalent therapeutic antimeningococcal serum. Typing by means of the precipitin reaction can be confirmed by agglutination of the strain of organism responsible for the infection, if such strain be isolated. Confirmation by means of agglutination has been possible in all the cases discussed in this report. Spinal fluids from other diseases of the meninges and central nervous system fail to give any precipitin reaction with the monovalent sera.

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LDH IN 287 CHILDREN, INCLUDING 53 CASES OF MENINGITIS OF BACTERIAL AND NON-BACTERIAL ETIOLOGY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1097-1103
Author(s):  
William Neches ◽  
Martin Platt
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
System Disease

Cerebrospinal fluid lactic dehydrogenase activity was determined in 287 children. Among these, 87 had no central nervous system disease and were considered to be controls. Mean lactic dehydrogenase activity in 69 controls (excluding newborn infants) was 14 units. In 18 control infants less than 1 week of age, the mean lactic dehydrogenase activity was 50 units. Thirty-two patients with bacterial meningitis had a mean cerebrospinal fluid lactic dehydrogenase of 251 units on the initial examination; 20 patients with aseptic meningoencephalitis had a mean lactic dehydrogenase activity of 23 units. The difference between the lactic dehydrogenase activity in children with bacterial and aseptic meningitis was highly significant (p < 0.005). The clinical course of the patients studied was reflected by the change in cerebrospinal fluid lactic dehydrogenase activity on serial determinations. Spinal fluid isoenzyme patterns were studied in a few patients with bacterial and non-bacterial central nervous system disorders. This study indicates that the determination of lactic dehydrogenase in spinal fluid is a useful adjunct to other cerebrospinal fluid parameters in the differential diagnosis of central nervous system infections.

Experiments on the Origin of the Wassermann Reaction in the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid

1938 ◽  
Vol 84 (349) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Fluid ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Occasional Occurrence ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Wassermann Reaction

Whilst it is an undisputed fact that under certain clinical and experimental conditions various antibodies (antitoxins, agglutinins, bacterio- and hæmolysins, complement-fixing antibodies) can be demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid, there is a divergency of opinion about their origin. Whereas some authors (Dujardin and Dumont, Ramon, Descombey and Bilal, Neufeld and Szyle, Nélis) ascribe their presence in the cerebro-spinal fluid to their passage from the blood through a damaged blood-cerebro-spinal fluid barrier, other investigators (Mutermilch, liiert, Grabow and Plaut, Friedemann and Elkeles) believe that the central nervous system or its membranes are able to produce antibodies on their own upon contact with an antigen. In the case of the Wassermann antibody in the cerebro-spinal fluid the question of its origin is of particular interest, because of the occasional occurrence of cases which show a positive Wassermann reaction in the cerebro-spinal fluid and a negative or weaker reaction in the blood. This divergence between blood and cerebro-spinal fluid is often quoted as an example of the independence of the cerebro-spinal fluid antibody.

A simple and rapid method to collect the cerebrospinal fluid of rats and its application for the assessment of drug penetration into the central nervous system

2009 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramakrishna Nirogi ◽  
Vishwottam Kandikere ◽  
Koteshwara Mudigonda ◽  
Gopinadh Bhyrapuneni ◽  
Nageswararao Muddana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Drug Penetration ◽  
The Central Nervous System

CHAPTER 9: Immunology of TBEV-Infections

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Viral Infectious Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBE is usually a biphasic disease and in humans the virus can only be detected during the first (unspecific) phase of the disease. Pathogenesis of TBE is not well understood, but both direct viral effects and immune-mediated tissue damage of the central nervous system may contribute to the natural course of TBE. The effect of TBEV on the innate immune system has mainly been studied in vitro and in mouse models. Characterization of human immune responses to TBEV is primarily conducted in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, due to the inaccessibility of brain tissue for sample collection. Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are activated during the second (meningo-encephalitic) phase of TBE. The potential involvement of other cell types has not been examined to date. Immune cells from peripheral blood, in particular neutrophils, T cells, B cells and NK cells, infiltrate into the cerebrospinal fluid of TBE patients.

scholarly journals Persistent cognitive impairment associated with cerebrospinal fluid anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies six months after mild COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Borsche ◽  
Dirk Reichel ◽  
Anja Fellbrich ◽  
Anne S. Lixenfeld ◽  
Johann Rahmöller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Central Nervous System Invasion

AbstractNeurological long-term sequelae are increasingly considered an important challenge in the recent COVID-19 pandemic. However, most evidence for neurological symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection and central nervous system invasion of the virus stems from individuals severely affected in the acute phase of the disease. Here, we report long-lasting cognitive impairment along with persistent cerebrospinal fluid anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a female patient with unremarkable standard examination 6 months after mild COVID-19, supporting the implementation of neuropsychological testing and specific cerebrospinal fluid investigation also in patients with a relatively mild acute disease phase.

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