scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIONS BETWEEN DEXTRAN POLYSACCHARIDE AND SOME BACTERIAL ANTISERA

1932 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Zozaya
Keyword(s):  
Active Group ◽  
Streptococcus Viridans ◽  
Bacterial Polysaccharide ◽  
Immunological Relationship ◽  
Immunological Reactions

Dextran, the synthetic polysaccharide produced by Leuconostoc mesenterioides from saccharose, reacts immunologically with antisera from pneumococci, some of the Sahnonella and some of the types of Streptococcus viridans (Bargen). This immunological relationship is independent of the specific antipolysaccharide antibodies of these sera, suggesting the existence of a distinct antibody produced by an active group of the specific bacterial polysaccharide, which is similar or identical to the active group of the dextran polysaccharide.

scholarly journals STUDIES CONCERNING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PNEUMOCOCCI AND STREPTOCOCCI

1927 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hobart A. Reimann
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Viridans ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Lytic Action ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
The Relationship

Morgenroth and his collaborators grew pneumococci in a medium containing optochin and derived variant forms of bacteria therefrom which were considered to be streptococci of the viridans group. We have repeated these experiments and have also derived variant forms. These atypical races, however, we have found to be identical with the R form of pneumococci which have been obtained by various other methods. That these R cultures are still pneumococci and do not belong in the Streptococcus viridans group is supported by the following observations: 1. These strains are not bile-insoluble, but are more resistant to the lytic action of this agent than are type-specific pneumococci. 2. R strains behave like pneumococci and not like streptococci in the readiness with which cultures spontaneously autolyze and saline suspensions disintegrate during freezing and thawing. 3. Immunological reactions of the variant pneumococci derived by Morgenroth's method are identical with the immunological reactions of R forms of pneumococci derived by various other means. The observations of Morgenroth and his associates in regard to the transformation of Streptococcus hæmolyticus into Streptococcus viridans by treatment with rivanol could not be repeated in this laboratory. No explanation is at hand for our failure to produce the change. It is of course possible that none of the twenty-six strains tested had suitable tendencies to variation or that the technic or reagents employed varied from those of Morgenroth.

Immunological Relationship Between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitors from Different Sources

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (01) ◽  
pp. 029-034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Urdén ◽  
Joanna Chmielewska ◽  
Tomas Carlsson ◽  
Björn Wiman
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Immunological Relationship ◽  
Different Sources

SummaryPolyclonal antibodies have been raised against the inhibitor moiety in the purified complex between tissue plasminogen activator and its fast inhibitor (PA-inhibitor) in human plasma/ serum. A radioimmunoassay for quantitation of PA-inhibitor antigen was developed. The polyclonal antiserum and a previously described monoclonal antibody against the PA-inhibitor (14) have been used to study the immunological relationship between PA-inhibitors from plasma, serum, platelets, placenta extract and conditioned media from Hep G2 and HT 1080 cells. It was demonstrated that the ratio between PA-inhibitor activity and antigen varied considerably between the different sources. In the plasma samples studied, similar activity and antigen concentrations were found, suggesting that the PA-inhibitor in these samples mainly was in an active form. On the other hand the other sources seemed to contain variable amounts of inactive PA-inhibitor forms. Immunoadsorption experiments revealed that the PA-inhibitor (activity and antigen) from all the sources were specifically bound to the insolubilized antibodies (polyclonal and monoclonal). In no case, however, could active PA-inhibitor be eluted from the immunoadsorption columns. Also the competitive radioimmunoassays suggested that the PA-inhibitors from the different sources studied, were closely immunologically related.

Biocompatible Polymers and their Potential Biomedical Applications: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (34) ◽  
pp. 3608-3619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzma Arif ◽  
Sajjad Haider ◽  
Adnan Haider ◽  
Naeem Khan ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Alghyamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Living System ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biocompatible Polymers ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Artificial Grafts ◽  
Immunological Reactions

Background: Biocompatible polymers are gaining great interest in the field of biomedical applications. The term biocompatibility refers to the suitability of a polymer to body and body fluids exposure. Biocompatible polymers are both synthetic (man-made) and natural and aid in the close vicinity of a living system or work in intimacy with living cells. These are used to gauge, treat, boost, or substitute any tissue, organ or function of the body. A biocompatible polymer improves body functions without altering its normal functioning and triggering allergies or other side effects. It encompasses advances in tissue culture, tissue scaffolds, implantation, artificial grafts, wound fabrication, controlled drug delivery, bone filler material, etc. Objectives: This review provides an insight into the remarkable contribution made by some well-known biopolymers such as polylactic-co-glycolic acid, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polyLactic Acid, poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), Chitosan and Cellulose in the therapeutic measure for many biomedical applications. Methods: : Various techniques and methods have made biopolymers more significant in the biomedical fields such as augmentation (replaced petroleum based polymers), film processing, injection modeling, blow molding techniques, controlled / implantable drug delivery devices, biological grafting, nano technology, tissue engineering etc. Results: The fore mentioned techniques and other advanced techniques have resulted in improved biocompatibility, nontoxicity, renewability, mild processing conditions, health condition, reduced immunological reactions and minimized side effects that would occur if synthetic polymers are used in a host cell. Conclusion: Biopolymers have brought effective and attainable targets in pharmaceutics and therapeutics. There are huge numbers of biopolymers reported in the literature that has been used effectively and extensively.

Synthesis and Optical Properties of BODIPY with Active Group on meso- Position

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 718-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gruzdev Matvey ◽  
Chervonova Ulyana ◽  
Bumagina Natalia ◽  
Kolker Arkadiy
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Active Group ◽  
Meso Position

scholarly journals Current Strategies for Tracheal Replacement: A Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Damiano ◽  
Vincenzo Davide Palumbo ◽  
Salvatore Fazzotta ◽  
Francesco Curione ◽  
Giulia Lo Monte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Tracheal Resection ◽  
Biological Scaffolds ◽  
Biological Substrate ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
Tracheal Replacement ◽  
Current Lines

Airway cancers have been increasing in recent years. Tracheal resection is commonly performed during surgery and is burdened from post-operative complications severely affecting quality of life. Tracheal resection is usually carried out in primary tracheal tumors or other neoplasms of the neck region. Regenerative medicine for tracheal replacement using bio-prosthesis is under current research. In recent years, attempts were made to replace and transplant human cadaver trachea. An effective vascular supply is fundamental for a successful tracheal transplantation. The use of biological scaffolds derived from decellularized tissues has the advantage of a three-dimensional structure based on the native extracellular matrix promoting the perfusion, vascularization, and differentiation of the seeded cell typologies. By appropriately modulating some experimental parameters, it is possible to change the characteristics of the surface. The obtained membranes could theoretically be affixed to a decellularized tissue, but, in practice, it needs to ensure adhesion to the biological substrate and/or glue adhesion with biocompatible glues. It is also known that many of the biocompatible glues can be toxic or poorly tolerated and induce inflammatory phenomena or rejection. In tissue and organ transplants, decellularized tissues must not produce adverse immunological reactions and lead to rejection phenomena; at the same time, the transplant tissue must retain the mechanical properties of the original tissue. This review describes the attempts so far developed and the current lines of research in the field of tracheal replacement.

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Flavanols on Microbiota, Immunity and Inflammation in Metabolic Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
María Ángeles Martín ◽  
Sonia Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Immunological Reactions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Positive Properties

Flavanols are natural occurring polyphenols abundant in fruits and vegetables to which have been attributed to beneficial effects on health, and also against metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. These positive properties have been associated to the modulation of different molecular pathways, and importantly, to the regulation of immunological reactions (pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB], inducible enzymes), and the activity of cells of the immune system. In addition, flavanols can modulate the composition and function of gut microbiome in a prebiotic-like manner, resulting in the positive regulation of metabolic pathways and immune responses, and reduction of low-grade chronic inflammation. Moreover, the biotransformation of flavanols by gut bacteria increases their bioavailability generating a number of metabolites with potential to affect human metabolism, including during metabolic diseases. However, the exact mechanisms by which flavanols act on the microbiota and immune system to influence health and disease remain unclear, especially in humans where these connections have been scarcely explored. This review seeks to summarize recent advances on the complex interaction of flavanols with gut microbiota, immunity and inflammation focus on metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Motor learning-based activities may improve functional ability in adults with severe cerebral palsy: A controlled pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Helle Hüche Larsen ◽  
Rasmus Feld Frisk ◽  
Maria Willerslev-Olsen ◽  
Jens Bo Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Active Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Function ◽  
Learning Principles

BACKGROUND: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disturbance characterized by impaired control of movement. Function often decreases and 15% of adults are classified as severely affected (Gross Motor Function Classification Scale III-V). Little is known about interventions that aim to improve functional abilities in this population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a 12-week intervention based on motor learning principles on functional ability in adults with severe CP. METHODS: 16 adults (36±10 years, GMFCS III-V) were enrolled and divided into an intervention group (Active group) and a standard care group (Control group). Primary outcome measure was Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88). Secondary measures were neurological status. The Active group were measured at baseline, after the intervention and at one-month follow-up. The Control group were measured at baseline and after one month. RESULTS: Analysis showed statistically significant improvement in GMFM-88 for the Active group from baseline to post assessment compared with the Control group (group difference: 5 points, SE 14.5, p = 0.008, CI: 1.2 to 8.7). Improvements were maintained at follow-up. Results from the neurological screening showed no clear tendencies. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides support that activities based on motor learning principles may improve gross motor function in adults with severe CP.

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