scholarly journals SPECIFICITY OF THE PRECIPITIN REACTION IN TOBACCO MOSAIC DISEASE

1931 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Purdy Beale
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Precipitin Reaction ◽  
Antigenic Material

1. Leaf extracts of Sudan grass, Hippeastrum equestre Herb., lily, and Abutilon striatum Dicks. (A. Thompsoni hort.), each affected with its respective mosaic disease, and peach affected with yellows disease, were tested for their ability to precipitate antiserum for virus extract of tobacco mosaic disease. No precipitate occurred. 2. Nicotiana glutinosa L., N. rustica L., and Martynia louisiana Mill. were added to the list of hosts of tobacco mosaic virus which have been tested with antiserum for the same virus in N. tabacum L. var. Turkish. The object was to determine the presence or absence of material reacting with the specific precipitins such as that already demonstrated in extracts of tomato, pepper, and petunia affected with the same virus. The presence of specific substances was demonstrated in every case. 3. The viruses of ringspot and cucumber mosaic diseases were multiplied in Turkish tobacco and leaf extracts of the affected plants were used in turn as antigens in precipitin tests with antiserum for tobacco mosaic virus extract of Turkish tobacco. A slight precipitation resulted in the tubes containing undiluted antiserum and virus extract such as occurs when juice from normal tobacco is used with undiluted antiserum. No precipitate was demonstrable that was specific for virus extracts of tobacco affected with either ringspot or cucumber mosaic disease. 4. The results favor the interpretation that the specific antigenic substance in virus extract of tobacco mosaic disease is foreign antigenic material, possibly virus itself, not altered host protein.

scholarly journals Milestones in research on tobacco mosaic virus

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1383) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Harrison ◽  
T. M. A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Avirulence Genes

Beijerinck's (1898) recognition that the cause of tobacco mosaic disease was a novel kind of pathogen became the breakthrough which led eventually to the establishment of virology as a science. Research on this agent, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), has continued to be at the forefront of virology for the past century. After an initial phase, in which numerous biological properties of TMV were discovered, its particles were the first shown to consist of RNA and protein, and X–ray diffraction analysis of their structure was the first of a helical nucleoprotein. In the molecular biological phase of research, TMV RNA was the first plant virus genome to be sequenced completely, its genes were found to be expressed by cotranslational particle disassembly and the use of subgenomic mRNA, and the mechanism of assembly of progeny particles from their separate parts was discovered. Molecular genetical and cell biological techniques were then used to clarify the roles and modes of action of the TMV non–structural proteins: the 126 kDa and 183 kDa replicase components and the 30 kDa cell–to–cell movement protein. Three different TMV genes were found to act as avirulence genes, eliciting hypersensitive responses controlled by specific, but different, plant genes. One of these (the N gene) was the first plant gene controlling virus resistance to be isolated and sequenced. In the biotechnological sphere, TMV has found several applications: as the first source of transgene sequences conferring virus resistance, in vaccines consisting of TMV particles genetically engineered to carry foreign epitopes, and in systems for expressing foreign genes. TMV owes much of its popularity as a research model to the great stability and high yield of its particles. Although modern methods have much decreased the need for such properties, and TMV may have a less dominant role in the future, it continues to occupy a prominent position in both fundamental and applied research.

A SPECIALIZED TOMATO FORM OF THE TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS IN CANADA

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair H. MacNeill
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Specialized Form ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

Extensive sampling of naturally infected field and greenhouse tomatoes has revealed the presence of a specialized form of the tobacco mosaic virus. This tomato form, readily differentiated from that commonly occurring in tobacco, has been found in widely separated geographic areas within Canada, and is the dominant, if not the only, form in tomato even in regions where tobacco and tomatoes are grown as contiguous crops. This specialization to tomato of a virus form distinct from that in tobacco does not support the view commonly held that smoking tobacco is the main source of inoculum for the mosaic disease in commercial tomatoes.

THE INHIBITING EFFECT OF SOME HETEROCYCLIC AND OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS

1955 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Weintraub ◽  
W. G. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Virus Multiplication ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽  
Virus Content ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Main Effects

A number of heterocyclic and miscellaneous organic compounds have been tested for their effectiveness as virus inhibitors by a half-leaf technique using Nicotiana glutinosa and tobacco mosaic virus. Several of these compounds were found to be effective in varying degrees, the main effects being a reduction in the total number of lesions produced, a delay in symptom expression, and a decrease in virus multiplication as indicated by small lesions, on the treated half-leaves. Although nothing is known about the mechanism of inhibition, it can be concluded that to effect inhibition compounds act through the physiology of the host, rather than directly on the virus. The virus content of treated half-leaves has been estimated by measuring their rate of oxygen consumption. These data indicate that the inhibiting compounds affect the metabolism of the host, as reflected in a change in respiration when compared to control half-leaves, and that the symptomless areas on the treated half-leaves do not contain significant concentrations of virus.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Osthole from Cnidium monnieri on Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) Infection in Nicotiana glutinosa

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Han Chen ◽  
Dong-Sheng Guo ◽  
Mei-Huan Lu ◽  
Jian-Ying Yue ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Virus Activity ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Coumarin Compound

The coumarin compound of osthole was extracted from Cnidium monnieri and identified by LC-MS and 1H- and 13C-NMR. Osthole was tested for anti-virus activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) using the half-leaf method. The results showed that stronger antiviral activity on TMV infection appeared in Nicotiana glutinosa than that of eugenol and ningnanmycin, with inhibitory, protective, and curative effects of 72.57%, 70.26%, and 61.97%, respectively. Through observation of the TMV particles, we found that osthole could directly affect the viral particles. Correspondingly, the level of coat protein detected by Western blot was significantly reduced when the concentrations of osthole increased in tested plants compared to that of the control. These results suggest that osthole has anti-TMV activity and may be used as a biological reagent to control the plant virus in the half-leaf method.

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