scholarly journals STUDIES ON A-AVITAMINOSIS IN CHICKENS

1930 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Seifried
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

1. The principal tissue changes in the respiratory tract of chickens caused by a vitamin A deficiency in the food are, first, an atrophy and degeneration of the lining mucous membrane epithelium as well as of the epithelium of the mucous membrane glands. This process is followed or accompanied by a replacement or substitution of the degenerating original epithelium of these parts by a squamous stratified keratinizing epithelium. This newly formed epithelium develops from the primitive columnar epithelium and divides and grows very rapidly. The process appears to be one of substitution rather than a metaplasia, and resembles the normal keratinization of the skin or even more closely the incomplete keratinization of the mucous membranes (e.g., the esophagus or certain parts of the tongue of chickens). In this connection findings have been described which not only afford an interesting insight into the complicated mechanism of keratinization, but also show probable relations between keratinization and the development of Guarnieri's inclusion bodies. Balloon and reticular degeneration of the upper layers of the new stratified epithelium has been frequently observed. All parts of the respiratory tract are about equally involved in the process; and the olfactory region as well, so that the sense of smell may be lost. The lesions, which first take place on the surface epithelium and then in the glands, show only minor differences. 2. The protective mechanism inherent in the mucous membranes of the entire respiratory tract is seriously damaged or even entirely destroyed by the degeneration of the ciliated cells at the surface and the lack of secretion with bactericidal. properties. Secondary infections are frequently found, and nasal discharge and various kinds of inflammatory processes are common, including purulent ones, especially in the upper respiratory tract, communicating sinuses, eyes and trachea. The development of the characteristic histological process is not dependent upon the presence of these infections, since it also takes place in the absence of infection. 3. The specific histological lesions make it possible to differentiate between A-avitaminosis and some infectious diseases of the respiratory tract. These studies we hope will serve as a basis for further investigations on the relationship between A-avitaminosis and infection in general.

Criterion characteristics of professional risk of the formation of pathology of the upper respiratory tracts

2020 ◽  
pp. 787-788
Author(s):  
I. N. Fedina ◽  
O. N. Grishin ◽  
A. G. Uchurov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The influence of dust influence on the change of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract was determined. The criteria of occupational risk of pathology of the upper respiratory tract in workers of «dust-hazardous» industries are established.

scholarly journals THE STATE OF SKIN AND MUCOSAL MICROBIOTES IN WORKERS AS AN ADAPTATION CRITERION TO OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS (BASED ON THE OIL EXTRACTION INDUSTRY)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 1015-1020
Author(s):  
G. G. Gimranova ◽  
Lyaylya M. Masyagutova ◽  
L. G. Gizatullina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Introduction. The working conditions of workers in oil-producing industries do not exclude the negative impact of a harmful biological factor of the working environment. The combined effect of harmful and dangerous factors (noise, vibration, a complex of chemicals of varying intensity), adverse climatic and geographical conditions in the process of oil production lead to violations of the structural and functional state of the body and increase the risk of disease caused by opportunistic microorganisms. Material and methods. To study the effect of working conditions of workers engaged in oil extraction on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microorganism, an investigation of skin microbiota and microbiocenosis of the upper respiratory tract mucosa was carried out. Using the method of skin prints from the inner surface of the forearm on a plate with blood agar allowed, along with the total number of microorganisms, to determine the presence of hemolytic forms on the surface and in deep layers of the skin of oil workers. Estimate the influence of working conditions on the microbiocenosis of the upper respiratory tract and mucosal anti-infective resistance of the mucous membrane analyzed the species composition of the microbiota of the nasal mucosa and pharynx in workers, directly and indirectly engaged in oil production. Results. Studies show in workers directly involved in oil extraction, the number of microorganisms of the skin is significantly higher than that of healthy people in average by 2.0-3.6 times on the surface and 1.7-3.7 times in the deep layers. For machinists, these differences achieve 2.5-4.0 and 1.2-4.0 times, respectively, and for engineering and technical workers, 1.4-2.3 on the skin surface and 1.2-2.5 in the deep layers. For drillers, drillers’ assistants, operators, the presence of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of 3-5 or more components on the nasal and pharyngeal polymicrobial associations is typical, and for engineers, engineers and technicians from 2-4, less often 5 components. Conclusion. The impact of occupational factors affecting workers in the process of oil extraction, contributes to the development of microbiocenosis lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. On the surface of the skin and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract there are a wide variety and specific structure of the microflora, specific to each of the studied groups in the workers examined.

Delayed toxic effects of sulfur mustard on respiratory tract of Iranian veterans

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1141-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi Balali-Mood ◽  
Reza Afshari ◽  
Ramin Zojaji ◽  
Hadi Kahrom ◽  
Maedeh Kamrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Common

To investigate late toxic effects of sulfur mustard (SM) on the upper and lower respiratory tracts of Iranian veterans, 43 male veterans with more than 25% disability due to SM poisoning in 20−25 years after exposure, were studied. Direct laryngoscopy, pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gasses and pH, computed tomography of sinuses and lungs were investigated. The patients were aged 50.6 (8.9 SD) years with body mass index (BMI) of 26.6 (4.0) and disability of 53.2 (17.0%). The common findings of the upper respiratory tract were dysphonia (79.1%), post-nasal discharge (PND; 41.9%), lower larynx position (30.2%), limitation of vocal cords (25.6%) and mucosal inflammation of larynx (14.8%). The common lower respiratory diseases were diagnosed as chronic obstructive respiratory disease (84%), bronchiectasis (44.1%) and lung fibrosis (7.7%). Severity of disability was negatively correlated with BMI ( p = 0.032), spirometric parameters ( p < 0.001) and oxygen saturation ( p < 0.001), but positively correlated with low-density lipoproteins (LDL <0.010), blood pressure ( p = 0.008), diabetes mellitus ( p < 0.001), wheezing ( p = 0.0043) and bronchiectasis ( p < 0.001). Delayed toxic effects of SM in upper and lower respiratory tracts were mostly inflammatory and infectious complications, SM-induced disabilities were significantly correlated with risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, LDL and lower-respiratory complications.

Sinusitis in Infants and Children

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen R. Wald
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The major clinical problem in considering a diagnosis of sinusitis is differentiating uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection from a secondary bacterial infection of the paranasal sinuses that may benefit from antimicrobial therapy. A diagnosis of sinusitis is suggested by presentation with protracted upper respiratory tract symptoms or a cold that is more severe than usual with fever and purulent nasal discharge. Confirmatory tests of sinus disease are transillumination (useful in adolescents if interpretation is confined to the extremes — normal or absent); radiographic findings of opacification, mucous membrane thickening, or an air-fluid level; and sinus aspiration (indicated for severe pain, clinical failures, or complicated disease). When clinical signs and symptoms are accompanied by abnormal radiographic findings, bacteria in high colony count are recovered from the maxillary sinus aspirate in 70% of patients. The common bacterial species recovered from children with acute maxillary sinusitis are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, and Hemophilus influenzae.

scholarly journals Reduced Frequencies and Heightened CD103 Expression among Virus-Induced CD8+T Cells in the Respiratory Tract Airways of Vitamin A-Deficient Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Rudraraju ◽  
Sherri L. Surman ◽  
Bart G. Jones ◽  
Robert Sealy ◽  
David L. Woodland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract

ABSTRACTVitamin A deficiency (VAD) has profound effects on immune responses in the gut, but its effect on other mucosal responses is less well understood. Sendai virus (SeV) is a candidate human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV-1) vaccine and a candidate vaccine vector for other respiratory viruses. A single intranasal dose of SeV elicits a protective immune response against hPIV-1 within days after vaccination. To define the effect of VAD on acute responses toward SeV, we monitored both antibodies and CD8+T cells in mice. On day 10 following SeV infection, there was a trend toward lower antibody activities in the nasal washes of VAD mice than in those of controls, while bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum antibodies were not reduced. In contrast, there was a dramatic reduction of immunodominant CD8+T cell frequencies in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) airways of VAD animals. These T cells also showed unusually high CD103 (the αE subunit of αEβ7) expression patterns. In both VAD and control mice, E-cadherin (the ligand for αEβ7) was better expressed among epithelial cells lining the upper respiratory tract (URT) than in LRT airways. The results support a working hypothesis that the high CD103 expression among T cell populations in VAD mice alters mechanisms of T cell cross talk with URT and LRT epithelial cells, thereby inhibiting T cell migration and egress into the lower airway. Our data emphasize that the consequences of VAD are not limited to gut-resident cells and characterize VAD influences on an immune response to a respiratory virus vaccine.

scholarly journals Two Different Life-Threatening Cases: Presenting with Torticollis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülsüm Alkan ◽  
Melike Emiroğlu ◽  
Ayşe Kartal
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cervical Muscles ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Spinal Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Acquired torticollis can be the result of several different pathological mechanisms. It is generally related to trauma, tumors, and inflammatory processes of the cervical muscles, nerves, and vertebral synovia. Although upper respiratory tract and neck inflammation are common causes of acute febrile torticollis in children, diseases with as yet undefined relationships may also result in torticollis. This is the case of spinal arachnoid cyst and pneumonia.

scholarly journals Adequate mucociliary clearance as a factor in the prevention and control of purulent-inflammatory pathology of the ENT organs

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
A. V. Gurov ◽  
M. A. Yushkina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Mucociliary Clearance ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Acute And Chronic Inflammation ◽  
And Control

Purulent-inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ENT organs are an urgent problem of modern clinical medicine. The high prevalence of this pathology is due to the active effect of pathogenic microflora on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, the increasing role of opportunistic and atypical microorganisms in the genesis of infection of the upper respiratory tract, as well as disorders in the mucociliary clearance. Limitations in the mobility of cilia of ciliated cells, as well as their partial or complete absence, a change in the composition of mucous secretions and a slowdown in the speed of mucus movement are the mechanisms that determine the possibility of an acute inflammation focus on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, and also increase the risk of developing chronic inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs. The accumulated data on the peculiarities of the existence of microbial biocenoses in the human body, as well as the steady widespread growth of the problem of antibiotic resistance, dictate the need to search for new solutions in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory pathology of the ENT organs. A well-established principle of therapy for such conditions is the topical use of combined drugs that combine mucolytic and antibacterial components that actively affect the main links in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. These tasks are most effectively solved by the drug, which contains the mucolytic N-acetylcysteine, which potentiates the effect of another component – the antibiotic thiamphenicol. An important aspect in favor of choosing this drug as a monotherapy or combination therapy for purulent-inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract is a convenient form of release for aerosol administration.

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