scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE BIOLOGY OF STREPTOCOCCUS

1926 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin A. Stevens ◽  
A. R. Dochez
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Strain Specificity ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Weak Reaction ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Homologous Strain ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The interpretation of the results in these experiments is difficult on account of the variations in the physical capacity of different strains of hemolytic streptococcus to agglutinate and absorb agglutinin. Even when the antigens for agglutination and absorption are standardized and sera are carefully titrated variations in agglutination occur with different strains and sera. Variations may occur because of differences in the titer of the immune sera employed. In a large series of reactions with the same sera and strains, errors in interpretation depending on these factors can be eliminated because strains which agglutinate poorly will consistently give weak reaction with all sera, and weak sera will agglutinate all strains poorly. after such variations See PDF for Structure in agglutination are eliminated, if a strain varies grossly in agglutination with different sera, or the titer of different sera varies with the same strain as in Tables I to III, variations which occur must represent antigenic dissimilarities. We have previously commented on the dissimilarity of the individual strains in the scarlatinal and erysipelas groups. Although the strains within each of the groups are related they are seldom identical. This individuality of the strain was indicated by the fact that absorption by heterologous strains failed to absorb the agglutinin for the strain homologous with the serum. This strain individuality is again apparent in Tables I to III. Doses of heterologous strains equivalent to the unit absorptive dose which has already been defined, fail to remove the agglutinin for the homologous strain. This dose is sufficient however, to absorb the agglutinin for practically all heterologous strains. It appears from this observation that the strain specificity dominates the group specificity. Between the unit absorptive dose and a dose which is approximately 0.2 to 0.3 of this unit, is a zone of great variation in absorption and agglutination. Below this zone absorption is complete for few strains. The differences in titer of various strains and absorbed sera in the zone where variations occur are very definite. For example in Table II, Strain E IX agglutinates well in Serum II absorbed with Strains E I and E III but poorly in serum absorbed with Strain E II. Numerous similar examples may be found. In a few instances heterologous strains agglutinate nearly as well as the homologous strains in these absorbed sera. Such strains probably resemble the homologous strains closely. These resemblances are not confined to the erysipelas strains but occur among the scarlet strains which agglutinate in erysipelas sera. Apparently it is impo—ssible to distinguish such scarlatinal strains from erysipelas strains by absorption of agglutinin. The relationship shown by these absorption tests is additional evidence in favor of the mosaic nature of the antigen. Strains of streptococcus of the erysipelas groups are apparently composed of several agglutinogenic fractions. If the antigen of a strain is made up of the fractions A, B, C, D, and E, serum for that strain would contain A, B, C, D, and E agglutinins. If this serum were absorbed with the homologous strain or an identical heterologous strain the agglutinin would be completely absorbed. On the other hand a qualitative or quantitative difference between the two strains would be apparent in the absorption and agglutination reactions. Such differences are evident in Tables I to III. This serum would agglutinate any strain containing any one or several of the fractions, but absorption of the serum by such a strain would leave fractions of the agglutinin in the serum. This absorbed serum would agglutinate the homologous strain. Heterologous strains would agglutinate if fractions remained in the serum corresponding to their antigenic components. Hence the reactions in the absorbed serum would depend on the qualitative and quantitative relationships between the component fractions in the serum, the absorbing strain, and the strains agglutinated. This conception of multiple antigens is not new in bacteriology. Durham (3) explained the reactions in the colon-typhoid group of bacilli on this basis. More recently Durand and Sedallian (4), and Andrewes, Derick, and Swift (5) have expressed the opinion that the agglutination reactions with hemolytic streptococcus can only be accounted for in this way. In many respects the reactions observed with the colon-typhoid group of Gram-negative bacilli resemble those experienced with the erysipelas and scarlatinal groups of hemolytic streptococcus. Apparently we have exhausted the possibilities of studying these groups further by agglutination and absorption. Our knowledge regarding the specificity and relationship of the antigenic fractions must come from the study of fractions isolated and refined by chemical methods.

CHILD-PARENT RELATIONS AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL PREFERENCES IN PEDAGOGICAL DYNASTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
N. V. SHAMANIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Professional Preferences ◽  
Parent Child

The article raises the issue of the relationship of parent-child relationships and professional preferences in pedagogical dynasties. Particular attention is paid to the role of the family in the professional development of the individual. It has been suggested that there is a relationship between parent-child relationships and professional preferences.

Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Walden
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The book’s epilogue explores the place of musical portraiture in the context of posthumous depictions of the deceased, and in relation to the so-called posthuman condition, which describes contemporary changes in the relationship of the individual with such aspects of life as technology and the body. It first examines Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo to view how Bernard Herrmann’s score relates to issues of portraiture and the depiction of the identity of the deceased. It then considers the work of cyborg composer-artist Neil Harbisson, who has aimed, through the use of new capabilities of hybridity between the body and technology, to convey something akin to visual likeness in his series of Sound Portraits. The epilogue shows how an examination of contemporary views of posthumous and posthuman identities helps to illuminate the ways music represents the self throughout the genre of musical portraiture.

scholarly journals The specifics of interpretation of the history in the story by A. Doronin «A Wolf Ravine»

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
S. V. Sheyanova ◽  
◽  
N. M. Yusupova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: at present the reader’s audience is particularly interested in creative experiments in which the historical fate of the Russian peasantry in the «turning» eras is artistically comprehended. The article is devoted to the study of the problem-thematic range of modern Mordovian historical prose. The subject of analysis is the peculiarity of the reception of the period of collectivization and dekulakization in the story by Erzyan prose writer A. Doronin «A Wolf Ravine». Objective: to reveal the features of the artistic reconstruction of the events of the 1930s, the modeling of the relationship between a man and society in the story by A. Doronin «A Wolf Ravine».Research materials: the story by A. Doronin «A Wolf Ravine». Results and novelty of the research: the historical story « A Wolf Ravine » for the first time becomes the object of scientific understanding and is introduced into the context of Finno-Ugric literary criticism. A. Doronin artistically interprets the real events and circumstances of the resettlement of dispossessed peasants of the Volga region to the uninhabited steppes of Kazakhstan. As a result of the study, we conclude that the actualization of this problem-thematic cluster is due to the creative concept of the historical writer; the individual author’s approach to the reconstruction of historical narrative can be traced in the writer’s desire to realistically reveal the relationship of personality and society in the tragic 1930s; to analyze intentions of people and of the psychological states of the characters. Problems of a sociopolitical nature, actualized in the story, are filled with philosophical, axiological content, and lead to a multi-faceted understanding of the «man and history» problem.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Relationship of Professionals towards the Vertical Equity of the Slovenian Tax System and Its Comparison with Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and the USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-166
Author(s):  
Jelena Klopčič ◽  
Maja Klun
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vertical Equity ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Equity Principle ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Vertical equity states that taxpayers whose positions are not the same should be treated differently while taking into consideration all the relevant characteristics. The main purpose of using the vertical equity principle is to require the redistribution of income in a way that reduces the income inequality of the society. The presented research aims to check the opinion of Slovenian tax system professionals on the principle of vertical equity. Slovenian results have been compared to a similar analysis carried out in Croatia, and partly with survey results from Bosnia and Herzegovina and the United States of America. The results show that the professional public agrees with the principle of vertical equity in the implementation of tax systems. All of the compared countries are similarly favourable towards vertical equity. However, this is also affected by the current tax arrangements of the individual countries.

‘TRANS-’ APPROACH TO ARCHITECTURE AND MUSIC INTERACTION: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MARCOS NOVAK’S LIQUID ARCHITECTURE AND MUSIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (21) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Gizem ÖZKAN ÜSTÜN ◽  
Pınar DİNÇ KALAYCI
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Music And Architecture ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Architecture And Music ◽  
Process Method ◽  
The Way

Aim: The aim of this research is to identify the Novak’s relationship of ‘liquid architecture and music’ as an approach that diverges from the architecture music relationships that have been built throughout the historical process. Method: In describing the approach, initially, the intellectual and critical foundations and features of liquid architecture were emphasized, and subsequently, its relationship with music was discussed through case studies in comparison to the current relationship between architecture and music. Results: When the current relationships of the architecture and music are evaluated, the attitude apart from the arising sensations and affections doesn’t exist within the relationship of liquid architecture and music. Liquid architecture, which has characteristics such as continuity, timelessness, plurality, poetry and obscurity, acquires the characteristics of the individual varying based on his/her body, senses, perceptions, and emotions as the way of producing architecture. It is claimed that the liquidity approach will influence music and architecture in different ways than is known, and that music will transform into a new form of architecture, while architecture becoming a new form of music. In this context, it extends ‘beyond (trans-)’ the limits of current approaches. Conclusion: The sixth category of methodical approaches in architecture music interaction can be defined as the relationship of liquid architecture and music. The way it relates to music and the way it produces architecture also suggests a direction of development to concrete architecture and virtually warns about renewing its theory and tools.

Byron and Weltliteratur

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-39
Author(s):  
Nicholas Halmi
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Engagement ◽  
Narrative Poems ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The ageing Goethe was fascinated with Byron whom he called the greatest poetic talent. Though suspicious of Byron’s Philhellenism, Goethe found in Byron an openness to encounter non-English cultures, an attentiveness to national histories and in interest in the relationship of the individual to social life. Byron’s self-contextualising, self-historicising narrative poems constitute a parallel to Goethe’s own literary campaigns for cross-cultural engagement in the 1810s and 1820s and, despite Byron’s alienation from England, offer hope for the prospects of what Goethe was to call “world literature”.

Codes of Ethics, Ethical Behavior, and Organizational Culture from the Managerial Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-56
Author(s):  
Marta Villegas ◽  
Michael H. McGivern
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Dimensional Approach ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Ethical Organizational Culture ◽  
Managerial Perceptions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This qualitative case study explored managerial perceptions regarding codes of ethics, ethical behavior, and the relationship of these concepts to organizational culture in a Colombian bank ZOX (pseudonym), in a South-American environment. The data-collection phase contained a purposive sample of ten ZOX senior managers, by including four one-on-one interviews, a focus-group interview, and company documents. The findings include the facts that codes of ethics are mandatory and they demand that the individual has his/her own values; ethical behavior follows general principles and values as ethical guides of duty regardless of the consequences; and the organizational culture is influenced by the leaders' ethical behavior. The findings also serve to trace and describe empirically and theoretically the components of a multi-dimensional approach of an ethical organizational culture. A suggestion for further research might be the testing of this multi-dimensional approach in other settings and going deeper into the relationship among its components.

scholarly journals The Interplay between Job Control, SOC Strategies, and Age in Sustaining Work Ability in a Sample of Administrative Employees

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1463
Author(s):  
Ilaria Sottimano ◽  
Gloria Guidetti ◽  
Sara Viotti ◽  
Daniela Converso
Keyword(s):  
Work Ability ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Administrative Employees ◽  
Public Context ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mediation Models

In recent years, the average age of workers has risen. Because of that, work ability is reducing in many sectors, especially in a public context. Given the above, it is necessary to investigate the individual and organisational resources that can play a role in the protection of work ability. This study investigates the work ability of administrative workers, examines selection, optimisation, and compensation (SOC) as a form of mediation between job control and work ability, and explores the relationship of job control, age, work ability, and SOC strategies via moderated mediation models. The findings indicate that job control, SOC strategies, and age correlate to work ability, but the effect of these factors is different. Job control and SOC strategies are positively related to work ability, and job control positively relates to the use of optimisation and compensation. However, only optimisation and compensation strategies mediate the association between job control and work ability. Finally, age moderates the effect of job control on work ability. The findings suggest that interventions, such as SOC training, promotion, and job control, may help to sustain work ability among elderly administrative workers.

Assessing the Readiness of Blind Persons for Vocational Placement

1974 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Edouard L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Congenitally Blind ◽  
Vocational Goals ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Blind Persons ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of work to the needs—especially psychological—of clients is explored. It is concluded that full evaluation and testing of the individual should he used to develop a specific rehabilitation program for him. Such a program might include intensive training and counseling, as in the case of most congenitally blind high school graduates, preparatory to placement or placement early in the program where the role played by work itself is an important part of the person's rehabilitation. The problem of individuals with unrealistic vocational goals is also discussed.

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