scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL RICKETS IN RATS

1922 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Pappenheimer ◽  
G. F. McCann ◽  
T. F. Zucker ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Butter Fat

1. Casein phosphorus does not completely prevent the development of rickets when substituted in Diet 84 in amount equivalent to a protective dose of basic potassium phosphate. 2. The protection given by lecithin is equivalent to its phosphorus content. 3. The protection given by yeast is at least proportional to its phosphorus content. An amount carrying sufficient vitamine B to promote growth, but insufficient to provide adequate phosphorus, does not prevent rickets. 4. Vitamine A, in the form of butter or butter fat to the amount of 10 per cent of the diet, neither prevents nor cures rickets. 5. The substitution of 10 per cent of egg albumin in Diet 84 improves the nutrition, but does not prevent rickets. 6. The addition of meat to Diet 84, thereby supplying an abundance of phosphorus, promotes normal growth and normal bone formation. A diet consisting solely of meat and flour is inadequate for proper growth, and leads to changes in the bones comparable with those observed on a diet low in calcium, but rich in phosphorus. 7. A diet has been found which contains the necessary food elements for approximately normal growth, and in which the only known deficiency is phosphorus. This leads regularly to the production of rickets.

Phosphorus deficiency and phosphate uptake in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Batterton ◽  
C. Van Baalen
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphate Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Anacystis Nidulans ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Atp Formation ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Dark Fixation ◽  
Phosphate Incorporation

The normal level of phosphorus in Anacystis nidulans is approximately 3.7 μg Pi/mm3 cells. This value fell to 0.5 μg Pi/mm3 cells under prolonged starvation. Even at low cellular phosphate levels, cells were viable and continued to divide slowly. With cells containing approximately 1.5 μg Pi/mm3 cells a rapid dark uptake (15 minutes) of 0.8 μg Pi/mm3 cells was found. Data obtained in the rapid dark fixation suggest that approximately 25% of the total cellular phosphorus is possibly bound on specific sites. Light had little effect on this first phase of phosphate uptake. The subsequent uptake to the normal phosphorus content per cell and return to normal growth rate required light and nitrogen.Coincident with the rapid dark phosphate incorporation, synthesis of ATP began and continued, rising far above the level of normal cells. The rate of ATP formation was not influenced by light, but was blocked by anaerobic conditions or several classical inhibitors of the electron transport chain.

scholarly journals Runx2 Protein Expression Utilizes theRunx2P1 Promoter to Establish Osteoprogenitor Cell Number for Normal Bone Formation

2011 ◽  
Vol 286 (34) ◽  
pp. 30057-30070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C. Liu ◽  
Christopher J. Lengner ◽  
Tripti Gaur ◽  
Yang Lou ◽  
Sadiq Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Osteoprogenitor Cell ◽  
Normal Bone

scholarly journals Friend or Foe? Essential Roles of Osteoclast in Maintaining Skeletal Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixing Wang ◽  
Guangpu Yang ◽  
Yinbo Xiao ◽  
Guotian Luo ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Secreted Factors ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Heightened activity of osteoclast is considered to be the culprit in breaking the balance during bone remodeling in pathological conditions, such as osteoporosis. As a “foe” of skeletal health, many antiosteoporosis therapies aim to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. However, bone remodeling is a dynamic process that requires the subtle coordination of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Severe suppression of osteoclast differentiation will impair bone formation because of the coupling effect. Thus, understanding the complex roles of osteoclast in maintaining proper bone remodeling is highly warranted to develop better management of osteoporosis. This review aimed to determine the varied roles of osteoclasts in maintaining skeletal health and to highlight the positive roles of osteoclasts in maintaining normal bone remodeling. Generally, osteoclasts interact with osteocytes to initiate targeted bone remodeling and have crosstalk with mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts via secreted factors or cell-cell contact to promote bone formation. We believe that a better outcome of bone remodeling disorders will be achieved when proper strategies are made to coordinate osteoclasts and osteoblasts in managing such disorders.

An Osteosarcoma Cell and Matrix Retained Morphogen for Normal Bone Formation

1977 ◽  
Vol &NA; (124) ◽  
pp. 251???266
Author(s):  
MARSHALL R. URIST ◽  
NORMAN NAKATA ◽  
JAMES M. FELSER ◽  
HIROSHI NOGAMI ◽  
HIROKATSU HANAMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Normal Bone

scholarly journals Targeted Disruption of the Wnt Regulator Kremen Induces Limb Defects and High Bone Density

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 4875-4882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Ellwanger ◽  
Hiroaki Saito ◽  
Philippe Clément-Lacroix ◽  
Nicole Maltry ◽  
Joachim Niedermeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Functional Interaction ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Targeted Disruption ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
High Bone ◽  
High Bone Density

ABSTRACT Kremen1 and Kremen2 (Krm1 and Krm2) are transmembrane coreceptors for Dickkopf1 (Dkk1), an antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The physiological relevance of Kremen proteins in mammals as Wnt modulators is unresolved. We generated and characterized Krm mutant mice and found that double mutants show enhanced Wnt signaling accompanied by ectopic postaxial forelimb digits and expanded apical ectodermal ridges. Triple mutant Krm1 −/ − Krm2 −/ − Dkk1 +/ − mice show enhanced growth of ectopic digits, indicating that Dkk1 and Krm genes genetically interact during limb development. Wnt/β-catenin signaling also plays a critical role in bone formation. Single Krm mutants show normal bone formation and bone mass, while double mutants show increased bone volume and bone formation parameters. Our study provides the first genetic evidence for a functional interaction of Kremen proteins with Dkk1 as negative regulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reveals that Kremen proteins are not universally required for Dkk1 function.

Effect of Silicon-Doped Calcium Phosphate Bone Substitutes on Bone Formation and Osteoblastic Phenotype Expression In Vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Knabe ◽  
Marco Lopez Heredia ◽  
Dirk Barnemitz ◽  
Antje Genzel ◽  
Fabian Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Critical Size Defects ◽  
Bone Substitute Materials ◽  
Silicon Doped ◽  
Substitute Materials

This study evaluates the effect of two novel particulate silicon-doped calcium phosphate graft materials as compared to the currently clinically used material β-TCP on osteogenesis and bone formation after implantation in critical-size defects the sheep scapula. These materials were developed in order to create biodegradable bone substitute materials that degrade rapidly, but still stimulate osteogenesis at the same time, thereby resulting in bone repair and regeneration with fully functional bone tissue. All bone substitute materials studied facilitated excellent bony regeneration of critical-size defects in the sheep scapula. Of the three grafting materials studied, the calcium alkali orthophosphate material with the crystalline phase Ca2KNa (PO4)2, with a small amorphous portion containing magnesium potassium phosphate and a small addition of sodium magnesium silicate had the greatest stimulatory effect on bone formation and expression of osteogenic markers, while exhibiting the highest biodegradability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Bone Morphology Around Four Types of Porous Metal Implants Placed in Distal Femur of Ovariectomized Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Bondarenko ◽  
Nataliya Ashukina ◽  
Valentyna Maltseva ◽  
Gennadiy Ivanov ◽  
Ahmed Amine Badnaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implant Materials ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Ovx Rats

Abstract Background To compare structural features of femoral bone of ovariectomized and non-ovariectomized rats after implantation of porous materials (TANTALUM, CONCELOC, TTM, ATLANT). Methods Experiments were carried out on 56 white laboratory female rats aged 6-months. Rats were randomly assigned into groups: Sham control group (SH) or ovariectomy group (OVX). Four different commercial implant materials (TTM, CONCELOC, TANTALUM, ATLANT) were placed into the defects (diameter 2.5mm, depth 3.0mm) in the distal metaphysis of femurs. Rats were sacrificed 45-days after surgery. Histological study was performed and the percentage of bone area (BA%) around the implant at a distance of 500μm in the cancellous area was measured. Results Formation of mature bone tissue of varying degrees around all of the implants was detected. In OVX rats cancellous bone defect zone was characterized by a high density of osteocytes on the surface. In the SH group, no differences in BA% among implant materials were found. In OVX rats the BA% around ATLANT implants was 1.5-time less (p=0.002) than around TANTALUM. The BA% around the rest of the materials was not statistically different. Conclusions Bone formation around the studied porous titanium and tantalum materials in the osteoporosis model was lower than in normal bone. There were differences in bone formation around the different materials in the osteoporosis model, while in the normal bone model these differences were absent.

RICKETS AND OSTEOPOROSIS IN XENOPUS LAEVIS

1950 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. BRUCE ◽  
A. S. PARKES
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Horse Liver ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pig Muscle

Gross deformities appeared in Xenopus laevis maintained for about 2 yr. under laboratory conditions on a diet containing no live food. Radiographs of the affected animals revealed defective calcification of the skeleton. All animals bred in the colony were defective, and only the original adults taken from the wild had normal bones. A description of the different types of skeleton found, and later produced experimentally, is given. An analysis of the conditions under which the defects became manifest showed X. laevis to be very susceptible to lack of vitamin D. Calcification in this species is greatly affected by the nature of the basal food. Normal bones are formed when the toads are fed on a diet of rabbit liver (or ox liver) supplemented with cod-liver oil and calcium. Horse liver is toxic, causing a depression of growth and a failure of calcification even with the supplements. With guinea-pig muscle a far larger supplement of vitamin D is required to prevent the development of general calcium deficiency and to permit normal bone formation. The failure of calcification is identified as rickets with osteoporosis and its relation to these diseases in other species is discussed.

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