scholarly journals AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FAT STARVATION WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PRODUCTION OF SEROUS ATROPHY OF FAT

1898 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Herter
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Large Excess ◽  
Wasting Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Especial Reference ◽  
Considerable Excess ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Perirenal Fat

The following inferences may be made from the foregoing study: 1. The lesions resulting from fat starvation, at least in the case of pigs, do not resemble or even suggest those of rickets. 2. Prolonged fat starvation leads to the entire disappearance of fat from the adipose tissues. The form of fat atrophy observed as the result of experimental fat starvation corresponds to the serous fat atrophy described by Flemming, and is essentially the same type of fat atrophy as that found in the epicardial and perirenal fat in the human subject as the result of wasting disease. 3. The. lecithins of the brain and the fat of the liver are not materially reduced by fat starvation. 4. Fat starvation does not lead to advanced serous fat atrophy of the subcutaneous fat if the animal be given a large excess of carbohydrate food or a considerable excess of the carbohydrate and proteid constituents of milk. 5. Fat starvation causes a very imperfect absorption of the salts of P2O5 from the intestine.

scholarly journals Clearing-factor lipase in muscle and adipose tissue of pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Enser
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Perirenal Fat

1. Clearing-factor lipase was assayed in acetone–ether-dried powders of heart and adipose tissue of pigs. The enzyme activity in heart was higher than that in adipose tissue. The activity in the outer layer of subcutaneous fat was greater than that in the inner subcutaneous fat and the perirenal fat, which had similar activities. 2. Starvation for 48h, but not for 24h, decreased the activity of the heart enzyme. 3. Starvation for 24h caused a rapid decrease in the activity in all three adipose tissues, but even after 72h of starvation the activity was still highest in the outer subcutaneous fat. 4. Plasma fatty acid, glucose and insulin concentrations were determined in fed and starved pigs. Starvation decreased the plasma insulin concentration and increased the non-esterified fatty acid concentration.

scholarly journals Changes in Fatty Acid Composition and Distribution of N-3 Fatty Acids in Goat Tissues Fed Different Levels of Whole Linseed

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamaleldin Abuelfatah ◽  
Md. Zuki Abu Bakar Zakaria ◽  
Goh Yong Meng ◽  
Awis Qurni Sazili
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Perirenal Fat

The effects of feeding different levels of whole linseed on fatty acid (FA) composition of muscles and adipose tissues of goat were investigated. Twenty-four Crossed Boer bucks were assigned randomly into three treatment diets: L0, L10, or L20, containing 0%, 10%, or 20% whole linseed, respectively. The goats were slaughtered after 110 days of feeding. Samples from thelongissimus dorsi,supraspinatus,semitendinosus, and subcutaneous fat (SF) and perirenal fat (PF) were taken for FA analyses. In muscles, the average increments inα-linolenic (ALA) and total n-3 PUFA were 6.48 and 3.4, and 11.48 and 4.78 for L10 and L20, respectively. In the adipose tissues, the increments in ALA and total n-3 PUFA were 3.07- and 6.92-fold and 3.00- and 7.54-fold in SF and PF for L10 and L20, respectively. The n-6 : n-3 ratio of the muscles was decreased from up to 8.86 in L0 to 2 or less in L10 and L20. The PUFA : SFA ratio was increased in all the tissues of L20 compared to L0. It is concluded that both inclusion levels (10% and 20%) of whole linseed in goat diets resulted in producing meat highly enriched with n-3 PUFA with desirable n-6 : n-3 ratio.

Evolution of various adipose deposits in growing rabbits and sheep

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vezinhet ◽  
M. Prud'hon
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Perirenal Fat

SUMMARYThe importance of the different adipose deposits with respect to the total dissectible fatty tissue in growing rabbits and lambs was studied. Development of the subcutaneous fat in the lamb is late and occurs after birth. In contrast, the internal types of fat, such as the perirenal and pelvic fat, represent at birth an important percentage of the total fat. They tend to lose part of their relative importance between 0 and 250 days after birth. In the rabbit the situation concerning the development of subcutaneous and perirenal fat is inverted. For both species the intermuscular fat remains almost constant in relative importance during the whole growth period.After the period required for the establishment of the different fat deposits, we could observe in lambs, and to a smaller degree in rabbits, a relative growth which tends to become isometric with regard to the total fat deposits.

scholarly journals V. A letter on a canal in the medulla spinalis of some quadrupeds

1809 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 146-147
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Spinal Marrow ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Contrary Direction

Sir, According to your request, I send you an account of the facts I have ascertained, respecting a canal I discovered in the year 1803, in the medulla spinalis of the horse, bullock, sheep, hog, and dog; and should it appear to you deserving of being laid before the Royal Society, I shall feel myself particularly obliged, by having so great an honour conferred upon me. Upon tracing the sixth ventricle of the brain, which corresponds to the fourth in the human subject, to its apparent termination, the calamus scriptorius, I perceived the appearance of a canal, continuing by a direct course into the centre of the spinal marrow. To ascertain with accuracy whether such structure existed throughout its whole length, I made sections of the spinal marrow at different distances from the brain, and found that each divided portion exhibited an orifice with a diameter sufficient to admit a large sized pin; from which a small quantity of transparent colourless fluid issued, like that contained in the ventricles of the brain. The canal is lined by a membrane resembling the tunica arachnoidea, and is situated above the fissure of the medulla, being separated by a medullary layer: it is most easily distinguished where the large nerves are given off in the bend of the neck and sacrum, imperceptibly terminating in the cauda equina. Having satisfactorily ascertained its existence through the whole length of the spinal marrow, my next object was to discover whether it was a continued tube from one extremity to the other: this was most decidedly proved, by dividing the spinal marrow through the middle, and pouring mercury into the orifice where the canal was cut across, it passed in a small stream, with equal facility towards the brain (into which it entered), or in a contrary direction to where the spinal marrow terminates.

Philosophy of Neuroscience

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adina L. Roskies ◽  
Carl F. Craver
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Philosophy Of Neuroscience ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain

The experimental study of the brain has exploded in the past several decades, providing rich material for both philosophers of science and philosophers of mind. In this chapter, the authors summarize some central research areas in philosophy of neuroscience. Some of these areas focus on the internal practice of neuroscience, that is, on the assumptions underlying experimental techniques, the accepted structures of explanations, the goals of integrating disciplines, and the possibility of a unified science of the mind-brain. Other areas focus outwards on the potential impact that neuroscience is having on our conception of the mind and its place in nature.

scholarly journals It is Fear, Not Disgust, That Enhances Memory: Experimental Study on Students in Bandung

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
KaYan KaYan ◽  
Henndy Ginting ◽  
Cakrangadinata Cakrangadinata
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Parts

A number of research findings have found the impact of emotion on memory. Some researchers stated that disgust has more impact on memory, however according to the current study the effect of fear cannot be ignored. Both disgust and fear are examples of negative emotion that may have a significant influence on behavior, such as in the attempt of creating a healthy lifestyle. The current study involved an experiment where participants were asked to memorize and recall four randomly displayed picture categories that elicit emotions of disgust, fear, joy, and neutral emotion. They also filled out a DS-R (Disgust Scale-Revised) questionnaire and a supporting questionnaire about healthy lifestyle. Analysis of the results showed that disgust did not show an effect on memory, but fear instead did. This is related to the fact that most participants showed a low degree of disgust, and so it was not considered a significant emotion that affected memory compared to fear. In addition, physiologically fear and disgust are managed by different parts of the brain and thus it was assumed that they will have a different impact on memory. The findings implied that, in campaigning for a healthier lifestyle, fear emotion need to be instilled in people.

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