scholarly journals Cancer immunoediting by the innate immune system in the absence of adaptive immunity

2012 ◽  
Vol 209 (10) ◽  
pp. 1869-1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy O’Sullivan ◽  
Robert Saddawi-Konefka ◽  
William Vermi ◽  
Catherine M. Koebel ◽  
Cora Arthur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
M1 Macrophages ◽  
Cancer Immunoediting ◽  
Ifn Γ

Cancer immunoediting is the process whereby immune cells protect against cancer formation by sculpting the immunogenicity of developing tumors. Although the full process depends on innate and adaptive immunity, it remains unclear whether innate immunity alone is capable of immunoediting. To determine whether the innate immune system can edit tumor cells in the absence of adaptive immunity, we compared the incidence and immunogenicity of 3′methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas in syngeneic wild-type, RAG2−/−, and RAG2−/−x γc−/− mice. We found that innate immune cells could manifest cancer immunoediting activity in the absence of adaptive immunity. This activity required natural killer (NK) cells and interferon γ (IFN-γ), which mediated the induction of M1 macrophages. M1 macrophages could be elicited by administration of CD40 agonists, thereby restoring editing activity in RAG2−/−x γc−/− mice. Our results suggest that in the absence of adaptive immunity, NK cell production of IFN-γ induces M1 macrophages, which act as important effectors during cancer immunoediting.

Abstract 526: Cancer immunoediting by the innate immune system in the absence of adaptive immunity

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Bui ◽  
Timothy O'Sullivan ◽  
Robert Saddawi-Konefka ◽  
William Vermi ◽  
Mark Smyth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cancer Immunoediting

scholarly journals Natural killer cell activation after infection with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 2709-2716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Markine-Goriaynoff ◽  
Xavier Hulhoven ◽  
César L. Cambiaso ◽  
Philippe Monteyne ◽  
Thérèse Briet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Killer Cell ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Ifn Γ

Early after infection, lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) alters the immune system by polyclonally activating B lymphocytes, which leads to IgG2a-restricted hypergammaglobulinaemia, and by suppressing the secretion of Th2 cytokines. Considering that these alterations may involve cells of the innate immune system and cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), we analysed the effect of LDV on natural killer (NK) cells. Within a few days of infection, a strong and transient NK cell activation, characterized by enhanced IFN-γ message expression and cytolysis, was observed. LDV triggered a large increase in serum IFN-γ levels. Because NK cells and IFN-γ may participate in the defence against virus infection, we analysed their possible role in the control of LDV titres with a new agglutination assay. Our results indicate that neither the activation of NK cells nor the IFN-γ secretion affect the early and rapid virus replication that follows LDV inoculation.

scholarly journals Regulation of Adaptive Immunity by the Innate Immune System

Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 327 (5963) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Iwasaki ◽  
R. Medzhitov
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune

scholarly journals Insights into Sensing of Murine Retroviruses

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 836
Author(s):  
Eileen A. Moran ◽  
Susan R. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Genetic Tool ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
Retrovirus Infection ◽  
Insight Into

Retroviruses are major causes of disease in animals and human. Better understanding of the initial host immune response to these viruses could provide insight into how to limit infection. Mouse retroviruses that are endemic in their hosts provide an important genetic tool to dissect the different arms of the innate immune system that recognize retroviruses as foreign. Here, we review what is known about the major branches of the innate immune system that respond to mouse retrovirus infection, Toll-like receptors and nucleic acid sensors, and discuss the importance of these responses in activating adaptive immunity and controlling infection.

scholarly journals An Interleukin (IL)-10/IL-12 Immunoregulatory Circuit Controls Susceptibility to Autoimmune Disease

1998 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Segal ◽  
Bonnie K. Dwyer ◽  
Ethan M. Shevach
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Th Cell ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Cytokine Networks

Cells of the innate immune system secrete cytokines early in immune responses that guide maturing T helper (Th) cells along appropriate lineages. This study investigates the role of cytokine networks, bridging the innate and acquired immune systems, in the pathogenesis of an organ specific autoimmune disease. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, is widely used as an animal model for multiple sclerosis. We demonstrate that interleukin (IL)-12 is essential for the generation of the autoreactive Th1 cells that induce EAE, both in the presence and absence of interferon γ. The disease-promoting effects of IL-12 are antagonized by IL-10 produced by an antigen nonspecific CD4+ T cell which, in turn, is regulated by the endogenous production of IL-12. This unique immunoregulatory circuit appears to play a critical role in controlling Th cell differentiation and provides a mechanism by which microbial triggers of the innate immune system can modulate autoimmune disease.

scholarly journals A Novel Regulatory Player in the Innate Immune System: Long Non-Coding RNAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9535
Author(s):  
Yuhuai Xie ◽  
Yuanyuan Wei
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Function

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent crucial transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulators during antimicrobial responses in the host innate immune system. Studies have shown that lncRNAs are expressed in a highly tissue- and cell-specific- manner and are involved in the differentiation and function of innate immune cells, as well as inflammatory and antiviral processes, through versatile molecular mechanisms. These lncRNAs function via the interactions with DNA, RNA, or protein in either cis or trans pattern, relying on their specific sequences or their transcriptions and processing. The dysregulation of lncRNA function is associated with various human non-infectious diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Here, we provide an overview of the regulation and mechanisms of lncRNA function in the development and differentiation of innate immune cells, and during the activation or repression of innate immune responses. These elucidations might be beneficial for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory and innate immune-mediated diseases.

scholarly journals Immune cells—A curse and a blessing!

2021 ◽  
Vol 218 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valbona Mirakaj
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
The Impact

Innate immune cells are crucial in the development and regulation of cardiovascular disease. In this issue, two groups, Davis et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20201839) and Li et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20210008) describe the impact of the innate immune system on the development of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals NK Cell Memory to Cytomegalovirus: Implications for Vaccine Development

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Calum Forrest ◽  
Ariane Gomes ◽  
Matthew Reeves ◽  
Victoria Male
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Murine Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
Cell Memory

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that recognize and eliminate virally-infected and cancerous cells. Members of the innate immune system are not usually considered to mediate immune memory, but over the past decade evidence has emerged that NK cells can do this in several contexts. Of these, the best understood and most widely accepted is the response to cytomegaloviruses, with strong evidence for memory to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and several lines of evidence suggesting that the same is likely to be true of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The importance of NK cells in the context of HCMV infection is underscored by the armory of NK immune evasion genes encoded by HCMV aimed at subverting the NK cell immune response. As such, ongoing studies that have utilized HCMV to investigate NK cell diversity and function have proven instructive. Here, we discuss our current understanding of NK cell memory to viral infection with a focus on the response to cytomegaloviruses. We will then discuss the implications that this will have for the development of a vaccine against HCMV with particular emphasis on how a strategy that can harness the innate immune system and NK cells could be crucial for the development of a vaccine against this high-priority pathogen.

scholarly journals Understanding the Role of Innate Immune Cells and Identifying Genes in Breast Cancer Microenvironment

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2226
Author(s):  
Israa Shihab ◽  
Bariaa A. Khalil ◽  
Noha Mousaad Elemam ◽  
Ibrahim Y. Hachim ◽  
Mahmood Yaseen Hachim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Cancer Microenvironment

The innate immune system is the first line of defense against invading pathogens and has a major role in clearing transformed cells, besides its essential role in activating the adaptive immune system. Macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, and granulocytes are part of the innate immune system that accumulate in the tumor microenvironment such as breast cancer. These cells induce inflammation in situ by secreting cytokines and chemokines that promote tumor growth and progression, in addition to orchestrating the activities of other immune cells. In breast cancer microenvironment, innate immune cells are skewed towards immunosuppression that may lead to tumor evasion. However, the mechanisms by which immune cells could interact with breast cancer cells are complex and not fully understood. Therefore, the importance of the mammary tumor microenvironment in the development, growth, and progression of cancer is widely recognized. With the advances of using bioinformatics and analyzing data from gene banks, several genes involved in NK cells of breast cancer individuals have been identified. In this review, we discuss the activities of certain genes involved in the cross-talk among NK cells and breast cancer. Consequently, altering tumor immune microenvironment can make breast tumors more responsive to immunotherapy.

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