scholarly journals Getting to the Guts of HIV Pathogenesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 200 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Veazey ◽  
Andrew A. Lackner
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Vaccine Design ◽  
Hiv Pathogenesis ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Two groups have shown that, as in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), intestinal CD4+ T cells are selectively and rapidly depleted in the intestine of HIV-infected patients. Depletion of intestinal CD4+ T cells occurred at all stages of infection regardless of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Here we discuss the important implications of these papers for our understanding of HIV pathogenesis, treatment, and vaccine design.

scholarly journals Low-level plasma HIVs in patients on prolonged suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy are produced mostly by cells other than CD4 T-cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam K. Sahu ◽  
David Paar ◽  
Simon D.W. Frost ◽  
Melissa M. Smith ◽  
Scott Weaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Highly Active

scholarly journals Tenofovir-Based Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Is Associated with Superior CD4 T Cells Repopulation Compared to Zidovudine-Based HAART in HIV 1 Infected Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Sambo Badii ◽  
Kwame Ohene Buabeng ◽  
Thomas Agyarko Poku ◽  
Arnold Donkor Forkuo ◽  
Bright Boafo Boamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Median Period ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Count Change ◽  
Zidovudine Regimen

Tenofovir-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is one of the preferred first-line therapies in the management of HIV 1 infection. Ghana has since 2014 adopted this recommendation; however there is paucity of scientific data that reflects the safety and efficacy of the tenofovir-based therapy compared to zidovudine in the Ghanaian health system. This study sought to assess the comparative immune reconstitution potential between tenofovir and zidovudine-based HAART regimens, which includes lamivudine and efavirenz in combination therapy. It also aimed to investigate the adverse drug reactions/events (ADREs) associated with pharmacotherapy with these agents in a total of 106 HAART naïve HIV patients. The study included 80 patients in the tenofovir cohort while 26 patients were on the zidovudine regimen. The occurrence of HIV comorbidities profile was assessed at diagnosis and throughout the study period. The baseline CD4 T cells count of the participants was also assessed at diagnosis and repeated at a median period of five months (range 4–6 months), after commencing treatment with either tenofovir- or zidovudine-based HAART. After five months of the HAART, the tenofovir cohort recorded higher CD4 T cell count change from baseline compared to the zidovudine cohort (p<0.0001). The patients on the tenofovir-based HAART and female sex however appeared to be associated with more multiple ADREs.

scholarly journals Response to Superantigen Stimulation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Children Perinatally Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 957-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. McCloskey ◽  
Viraga Haridas ◽  
Lucy Pontrelli ◽  
Savita Pahwa
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Our understanding of the pathogenesis of perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still evolving. We sought to characterize the response to the bacterial superantigen Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) of lymphocytes from HIV-infected children receiving treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Using the flow cytometric methodology, we quantified apoptosis, proliferation, cytokine production, and activation antigen upregulation in CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes following in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with SEB. The levels of proliferation, CD4 interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, CD8 gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production, and upregulation of CD69 expression by cells from HIV-infected children were indistinguishable from those by cells from controls. However, stimulation with SEB dramatically decreased the ratio of resting apoptotic cells to cycling apoptotic cells in the controls but not in the patients. In addition, unstimulated spontaneous apoptosis of CD4 T cells remained greater in the patients than in the controls. The percentages of IL-2-positive CD8 T cells and IFN-γ-positive CD4 T cells following SEB stimulation were significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. Our multiparameter approach was able to demonstrate differences in lymphocyte superantigen responsiveness in HIV-infected children receiving HAART in comparison to that in uninfected controls, notably, an apoptotic versus a proliferative response to stimulation.

Reduced CD127 expression on peripheral CD4+ T cells impairs immunological recovery in course of suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy

AIDS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 2590-2593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bai ◽  
Giusi M Bellistrì ◽  
Camilla Tincati ◽  
Alessia Savoldi ◽  
Alessandro Pandolfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunological Recovery ◽  
Cd127 Expression

scholarly journals Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcriptional Elongation in Resting CD4+ T Cells In Vivo

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (17) ◽  
pp. 9105-9114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara G. Lassen ◽  
Justin R. Bailey ◽  
Robert F. Siliciano
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT A stable latent reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in resting memory CD4+ T cells presents a barrier to eradication of the infection even in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Potential mechanisms for latency include inaccessibility of the integrated viral genome, absence of key host transcription factors, premature termination of HIV-1 RNAs, and abnormal splicing patterns. To differentiate among these mechanisms, we isolated extremely pure populations of resting CD4+ T cells from patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. These cells did not produce virus but retained the capacity to do so if appropriately stimulated. Products of HIV-1 transcription were examined in purified resting CD4+ T cells. Although short, prematurely terminated HIV-1 transcripts have been suggested as a marker for latently infected cells, the production of short transcripts had not been previously demonstrated in purified populations of resting CD4+ T cells. By separating RNA into polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated fractions, we showed that resting CD4+ T cells from patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy produce abortive transcripts that lack a poly(A) tail and that terminate prior to nucleotide 181. Short transcripts dominated the pool of total HIV-1 transcripts in resting CD4+ T cells. Processive, polyadenylated HIV-1 mRNAs were also present at a low level. Both unspliced and multiply spliced forms were found. Taken together, these results show that the nonproductive nature of the infection in resting CD4+ T cells from patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy is not due to absolute blocks at the level of either transcriptional initiation or elongation but rather relative inefficiencies at multiple steps.

Metabolic Features of Activated Memory CD4+ T-Cells Derived from HIV-Infected Immunological Non-responders to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 501 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
V. V. Vlasova ◽  
E. V. Saidakova ◽  
L. B. Korolevskaya ◽  
N. G. Shmagel ◽  
V. A. Chereshnev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Memory Cd4 T Cells
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