scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Perichondrium Express Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule and Participate in Bone Marrow Formation

2002 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1549-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumio Arai ◽  
Osamu Ohneda ◽  
Takeshi Miyamoto ◽  
Xiu Qin Zhang ◽  
Toshio Suda
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Hematopoietic Bone Marrow

Perichondrium in fetal limb is composed of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. However, the multipotency of cells in this region and the role of perichondrium in bone marrow formation are not well understood. In this report, we purified and characterized perichondrial cells using a monoclonal antibody against activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) and investigated the role of perichondrial cells in hematopoietic bone marrow formation. ALCAM is expressed on hematopoietic cells, endothelial cells, bone marrow stromal cells, and mesenchymal stem cells and mediates homophilic (ALCAM–ALCAM)/heterophilic (ALCAM-CD6) cell adhesion. Here we show by immunohistochemical staining that ALCAM is expressed in perichondrium. ALCAM+ perichondrial cells isolated by FACS® exhibit the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. ALCAM+ cells can differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and stromal cells, which can support osteoclastogenesis, hematopoiesis, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the addition of ALCAM-Fc or CD6-Fc to the metatarsal culture, the invasion of the blood vessels to a cartilage was inhibited. Our findings indicate that ALCAM+ perichondrial cells participate in vascular invasion by recruiting osteoclasts and vessels. These findings suggest that perichondrium might serve as a stem cell reservoir and play an important role in the early development of a bone and bone marrow.

scholarly journals A VCAM-like adhesion molecule on murine bone marrow stromal cells mediates binding of lymphocyte precursors in culture.

1991 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Miyake ◽  
K Medina ◽  
K Ishihara ◽  
M Kimoto ◽  
R Auerbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cell ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Murine Bone Marrow

Two new mAbs (M/K-1 and M/K-2) define an adhesion molecule expressed on stromal cell clones derived from murine bone marrow. The protein is similar in size to a human endothelial cell adhesion molecule known as VCAM-1 or INCAM110. VCAM-1 is expressed on endothelial cells in inflammatory sites and recognized by the integrin VLA-4 expressed on lymphocytes and monocytes. The new stromal cell molecule is a candidate ligand for the VLA-4 expressed on immature B lineage lymphocytes and a possible homologue of human VCAM-1. We now report additional similarities in the distribution, structure, and function of these proteins. The M/K antibodies detected large cells in normal bone marrow, as well as rare cells in other tissues. The antigen was constitutively expressed and functioned as a cell adhesion molecule on cultured murine endothelial cells. It correlated with the presence of mRNA which hybridized to a human VCAM-1 cDNA probe. Partial NH2 terminal amino acid sequencing of the murine protein revealed similarities to VCAM-1 and attachment of human lymphoma cells to murine endothelial cell lines was inhibited by the M/K antibodies. All of these observations suggest that the murine and human cell adhesion proteins may be related. The antibodies selectively interfered with B lymphocyte formation when included in long term bone marrow cultures. Moreover, they caused rapid detachment of lymphocytes from the adherent layer when added to preestablished cultures. The VCAM-like cell adhesion molecule on stromal cells and VLA-4 on lymphocyte precursors may both be important for B lymphocyte formation.

The Relationship of Myeloma Cells, Stromal Cells and Monocytes Under Bone Marrow Microenvironment

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 4987-4987
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ikeda ◽  
Yuka Aoki ◽  
Nasanori Nojima ◽  
Hiroshi Yasui ◽  
Toshiaki Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Myeloma Cells ◽  
Growth And Survival

Abstract Abstract 4987 The Bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays crucial role in pathogenesis of Multiple myeloma(MM). Myeloma cells contacts with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), which secrete factors/cytokines, promoting tumor cell growth and survival. Paracrine secretion of cytokines(i. e., interleukin-6 (IL-6) insulin-like growth factor-1, inflammatory protein-1a) in BM stromal cells promotes multiple myeloma cell proliferation and protects against drug-induced cytotoxicity. These cytokines provide stimulatory signals for multiple myeloma growth and survival. Bone involvement is a common feature in MM patient, solid and hematologic cancers. MM localizes to the bone in nearly all patients ranges between 40% and 75%. Disease-related skeletal complications result in significant morbidity due to pain, pathologic fractures and spinal cord compression. The bone microenvironment creates a supportive niche for tumor growth. Osteoclasts and bone marrow stromal cells, along with extracellular matrix and cytokines stimulate tumor cell proliferation and confer chemoresistance. Therefore, the reciprocal interactions between tumor cells, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone marrow stromal cells present an important. In current study, monocyte can directly promote mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation through cell contact interactions, thus resulting in the production of osteogenic factors by the monocytes. This mechanism is mediated by the activation of STAT3 signaling pathway in the mesechymal stem cells that leads to the upregulation of Osteoblasts-associated genes such as Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the down-regulation of inhibitors such as DKK1 to drive the differentiation of mesechymal stem cells into osteoblasts. In this study, we examined the role of monocyte, component of BM cells, as a potential niche component that supports myeloma cells. We investigated the proliferation of MM cell lines cultured alone or co-cultured with BM stromal cells, monocytes, or a combination of BM stromal cells and monocytes. Consistently, we observed increased proliferation of MM cell lines in the presence of either BM stromal cells or monocytes compared to cell line-only control. Furthermore, the co-culture of BM stromal cells plus monocytes induced the greatest degree of proliferation of myeloma cells. In addition to increased proliferation, BMSCs and monocytes decreased the rate of apoptosis of myeloma cells. Our results therefore suggest that highlights the role of monocyte as an important component of the BM microenvironment. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expressed by bone marrow stromal cells mediates the binding of hematopoietic progenitor cells

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Simmons ◽  
B Masinovsky ◽  
BM Longenecker ◽  
R Berenson ◽  
B Torok-Storb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Vascular Cell Adhesion ◽  
Vascular Cell ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule 1

Human bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells were analyzed for the expression of the beta 1-family of integrin adhesion molecules. Integrin alpha 4 beta 1 was consistently expressed by greater than 90% of CD34+ cells, including essentially all assayable granulocyte-macrophage colony- forming cells (CFU-GM) and erythroid bursts (BFU-E) as shown by fluorescence-activated cell sorting studies. Adhesion of highly enriched CD34+ cells to cultured allogeneic marrow stromal cells was largely inhibited both by monoclonal antibody to alpha 4 beta 1 and to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a ligand for alpha 4 beta 1. VCAM-1 was found to be expressed by bone marrow stromal elements in vitro both constitutively at low level and at high levels after treatment with cytokines. Induction of VCAM-1 was cytokine- and time- dependent with maximum levels being obtained after 4 hours of exposure to a combination of interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Cytokine-induced stromal cells bound threefold higher numbers of CFU-GM and BFU-E, this increase being abrogated by anti-alpha 4 beta 1 and anti-VCAM-1 antibodies. In addition, the adhesion to stroma of more immature progenitors, the long-term culture initiating cells, also occurred through an alpha 4 beta 1/VCAM-1-dependent mechanism. These studies identify an adhesion mechanism of potential importance in the localization of primitive progenitors within the hematopoietic microenvironment.

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